Browsing by Author "Babinski, Marly"
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Item Assessing the U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Sr-Sr isotopic compositions of the sume apatite as a reference material for LA-ICP-MS analysis.(2022) Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Gonçalves, Guilherme de Oliveira; Mazoz, Ariela Oliveira; Buick, Ian S.; Kamo, Sandra L.; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Wang, Hao; Moreira, Hugo Souza; Babinski, Marly; Queiroga, Gláucia NascimentoThis study has determined the trace element and the U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Sr-Sr isotope composition of the Sume apatite (from NE Brazil) to assess its suitability as a primary/secondary reference material for LA-ICP-MS. Reproducibility tests demonstrate that one batch (~ 100 g) of the Sume apatite (Sum e-570) is uniform in terms of Nd-Nd and U-Pb isotope compositions. Bulk isotope dilution TIMS/ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses confirm that the apatite is well suited for use as quality control material for Nd isotopes and U-Pb geochronology. U-Pb ID-TIMS analyses yield weighted mean ratios of 0.09211 0.00053 (2s; 206Pb*/238U) and 0.06120 0.00063 (2s; 207Pb*/206Pb*) and a weighted mean 206Pb*/238U date of 568 3 Ma (95% c.l.). U-Pb LA-(SF/MC)-ICP-MS runs using Sume-570 as a primary RM and reproduces the dates of other established RMs within 1% deviation (except for Durango 2–4%). Major and trace element abundances show that Sume-570 is a fluorapatite derived from a syenitic source. It also strongly shows LREE-enriched chondrite-normalised REE patterns with significant negative Eu anomalies, due to crystallisation of plagioclase in the residue.Item Carbon isotopes of Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic sequences from Southern São Francisco craton and Araçuaí Belt, Brazil : paleographic implications.(2004) Santos, Roberto Ventura; Alvarenga, Carlos Josá Souza de; Babinski, Marly; Ramo, Maria Luiza S.; Cukrov, Neven; Fonseca, Marco Antônio; Sial, Alcides da Nóbrega; Dardenne, Marcel Auguste; Noce, Carlos MaurícioThis paper addresses the carbon isotope variations observed on Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic carbonates from the southeastern part of the Sa˜o Francisco craton and Arac¸uaı´ Belt, Brazil. Carbonates were collected across sections of the Mesoproterozoic Espinhac¸o Supergroup (Rio Pardo Grande Formation) and of the Neoproterozoic units of the Sa˜o Francisco basin, including: (i) dolomites and marls of the Macau´bas Group (Domingas Formation); (ii) dolomite pebbles and carbonatic matrix of the diamictites of the Jequitaı´ Formation; (iii) limestones of the overlying Bambuı´ Group. Limestones of the Espinhac¸o Supergroup present a flat trend of positive d13CPDB values (varying betweenC1 andC2‰), while samples of the Macau´bas Group present an upward trend of decreasing carbon isotopic values (fromC0.7 toK4.0‰). The lower d13CPDB values of this latter unit were obtained on the upper part of the section. Dolostone pebbles and carbonates in the matrix of the diamictite also present negative d13CPDB values (K3.1 and K0.6‰). Except for carbonatic pelites placed above the diamictites, that present d13CPDB of C7.7‰, limestone samples of all the sections of the Bambuı´ Group have d13CPDB values above C8‰. The data presented here reveal significant differences between carbonates from the Espinhac¸o and Macau´bas Groups, indicating that this latter unit may be correlated with the diamictites from the Jequitaı´ Formation, as already suggested by previous stratigraphic studies. The data also reveal the absence of the low positive d13CPDB carbonates (belowC3‰) frequently present at the base of the Bambuı´ Group, thus suggesting that the deposition of this unit in the Serra do Cabral and Jequitaı´ areas took place after the regional positive d13CPDB excursion observed in other parts of the basin. Hence, it is proposed that these areas were paleo-highs during the deposition of the lower portion of the Bambuı´ Group sediments.Item Comportamento estratigráfico e proveniência sedimentar do Grupo Macaúbas na terminação periclinal da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional em Minas Gerais.(2020) Oliveira, Rosana Gonçalves; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Babinski, Marly; Lana, Cristiano de CarvalhoO Paleocontinente São Francisco-Congo (PSFC) experimentou uma série de eventos tafrogenéticos descontínuos, amplamente registrados no interior e nas margens do Cráton São Francisco através das sequências metassedimentares e metavulcano-sedimentares do Supergrupo Espinhaço e do Grupo Macaúbas. O Grupo Macaúbas se destaca por registrar, numa espessa sequência metavulcanosedimentar, os depósitos da bacia homônima precursora do Orógeno Araçuaí. No atual estado da arte a Bacia Macaúbas contempla um rifte toniano (livre de diamictitos), um rifte criogeniano (rico em diamictitos) e uma bacia de margem passiva com geração de crosta oceânica. A região compreendida entre os segmentos meridional e setentrional da serra do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais é entendida como uma das áreas chave para o entendimento da evolução tectonosedimentar do sistema de riftes que compõem o Grupo Macaúbas no estado. Entretanto, na região de interesse deste projeto, observa se uma total ausência de levantamentos sedimentares/estratigráficos sistemáticos em comunhão com a ausência de dados geocronológicos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho investigou a natureza e o modo de ocorrência das unidades estratigráficas tonianas e criogenianas na terminação periclinal da serra do Espinhaço Meridional, e realizou um estudo de geocronologia destas unidades. Ao longo das campanhas de campo, foram levantados 8 perfis litoestratigráficos em escala original 1:100, a partir dos quais 12 litofácies foram descritas. As litofácies da Formação Matão Duas-Barras sugerem deposição em um ambiente de fluxo de detrito. Por sua vez, as litofácies da Formação Serra do Catuní mostram uma litofácies basal de fluxo de detritos que evoluiu para sedimentação em um ambiente de retrabalhamento marinho. Estas informações associadas aos dados estruturais, como a sedimentação das fácies basais confinadas entre lineamentos morfoestruturais de direção NNE e WNW sugerem uma deposição sob regime extensional. A partir das idades U-Pb obtidas foram geradas curvas de distribuição cumulativa, que foram plotadas sobre o Diagrama de Cawood (Cawood 2012). Outro método utilizado foi o Teste K-S. Os resultados mostraram que o espectro de idades das formações Matão-Duas Barras e Serra do Catuní diferem entre si pela maior contribuição de grãos em torno de 1.0Ga na segunda unidade. Dentre as amostras analisadas da Formação Matão-Duas Barras, deste trabalho bem como da literatura, observou-se que aquelas da porção mais a norte da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional e as do Espinhaço Central possuem maior contribuição de grãos Caliminianos e menor contribuição de grãos entre 1.1- 1.3Ga, quando comparadas as amostras coletadas na porção mais ao sul do Espinhaço Meridional. Os resultados do Teste K-S mostram que nem todas as amostras da Formação Matão-Duas Barras tem um padrão de distribuição similar, o que pode ser resultado da evolução da bacia, que teria começado com sub bacias isoladas dominadas por fluxo lateral até evoluir para uma bacia com uma drenagem axial proeminente. No que diz respeito a Formação Serra do Catuní, todas as amostras testadas apresentam padrão similar de distribuição. O Diagrama de Cawood mostra que ambas as formações Matão-Duas Barras e Serra do Catuní foram depositadas em ambientes extensionais, corroborando com as interpretações acima, bem como o postulado na literatura.Item Contribuição à estratigrafia e geocronologia U-Pb de zircões detríticos da Formação Moeda (Grupo Caraça, Supergrupo Minas) na Serra do Caraça, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais.(2016) Nunes, Filipe Silva; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de; Babinski, Marly; Martins, Maximiliano de SouzaO posicionamento litoestratigráfico da região denominada serra (maciço) do Caraça é um dos pontos mais controversos na literatura geológica do Quadrilátero Ferrífero. O trabalho traz à luz do conhecimento, novos dados litoestratigráficos associados a dados geocronológicos para a região. Os metassedimentos encontrados na serra, apresentam correlação lito e cronoestratigrafica com a Formação Moeda, apresentando idade deposicional máxima em 2520 ± 13 Ma, neoarqueana tardia. Foram reconhecidas três unidades (associações de fácies) na região. A unidade 1 foi interpretada como um sistema fluvial entrelaçado, a unidade 2 como um sistema fluvial entrelaçado com retrabalhamento eólico localizado, e a unidade 3 como um sistema fluvial entrelaçado com formação de linha de costa em porção restrita da bacia. Acredita-se que os sedimentos tenham se depositado em ambiente de rifte intra continental com evolução para margem passiva, representando o começo de um ciclo de Wilson na porção sul do cráton são Francisco por volta de 2,5 Ga, transcição entre o arqueano e o paleoproterozoico.Item Geocronologia U-Pb (SHRIMP) e Sm-Nd de xistos verdes basálticos do Orógeno Araçuaí : implicações para a idade do Grupo Macaúbas.(2005) Babinski, Marly; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Gradim, Rafael Jaude; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de; Noce, Carlos Maurício; Liu, DunyiNo vale do Rio Preto, setor ocidental do Orógeno Araçuaí (ca. 60 km a NE de Diamantina), ocorrem xistos verdes de filiação basáltica, cuja idade e posição estratigráfica foram motivo de controvérsia, pois os autores dividiram-se naqueles que os atribuíram ao Grupo Macaúbas (Neoproterozóico) e naqueles que os correlacionaram ao Supergrupo Espinhaço inferior (ca. 1,7 Ga). Entretanto, estudos detalhados demonstram que os xistos verdes representam derrames basálticos submarinos, sedimentação vulcanoclástica e vulcanismo relacionado a fontes de alta produtividade, relacionados à deposição da Formação Chapada Acauã do Grupo Macaúbas (Gradim et al., 2005). Os dados geoquímicos indicam que os protólitos dos xistos verdes evoluíram em ambiente continental intraplaca. Análises isotópicas U-Pb (SHRIMP) foram realizadas em doze cristais de zircão extraídos de uma amostra de xisto verde, cujo pó de rocha-total foi utilizado para análise Sm-Nd. A idade-modelo Sm-Nd (ca. 1,52 Ga) sugere que os protólitos dos xistos verdes são mais novos que o magmatismo do rifte Espinhaço. A maioria dos cristais de zircão analisados mostra-se como grãos detríticos. As idades mais antigas indicam grãos herdados do embasamento arqueano-paleoproterozóico e de rochas magmáticas do rifte Espinhaço. Os cristais mais jovens limitam a idade máxima dos protólitos dos xistos verdes em ca. 1,16 Ga.Item Geocronologia U-Pb de minerais acessórios com baixo conteúdo de Pb radiogênico por meio de calibração com materiais de referência matrizincompatível em análises via laser ablation ICP-MS.(2021) Santos, Maristella Moreira; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Gonçalves, Guilherme de Oliveira; Babinski, MarlyRealizar a geocronologia U-Pb de minerais acessórios que possuem baixo conteúdo de U é ainda um grande desafio para os geocientistas que utilizam a técnica laser ablation-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), principalmente porque estes minerais também apresentam baixos conteúdos de Pb radiogênico. Além disso, há uma falta de disponibilidade de materiais de referência matriz-compatível com a destes minerais acessórios. O refinamento da técnica LA-ICP-MS é a chave para permitir uma análise rápida, com alta resolução espacial, de cristais individuais com baixo teor de U, sendo um pré-requisito para a caracterização confiável de depósitos hidrotermais. Posto isto, o presente estudo investigou o efeito matriz entre minerais acessórios (rutilo, zircão, apatita, titanita) que apresentam diferentes níveis de U. Uma série de experimentos, utilizando materiais de referência matrizcompatível e matriz-incompatível, foram realizados para avaliar como a acurácia e a precisão dos dados U-Pb são controladas por mudanças nas condições de operação do laser e nas configurações de aquisição de sinal dos isótopos. Demonstrou-se que é possível detectar e corrigir os efeitos matriz ao utilizar adequados materiais de referência secundários, matriz-compatíveis, para datar outras fases acessórias com baixo Pb radiogênico. Após aplicar os fatores de correção apropriados, todas as análises produziram idades U-Pb acuradas e precisas. O método analítico proposto aqui requer uma padronização dupla, usando materiais de referência confiáveis para calibração (vidros NIST ou zircão bem caracterizado) e materiais de referência secundários matriz-compatível para correções de offset e controle de qualidade. O protocolo utilizado neste estudo permitiu a datação U-Pb de cristais de rutilo hidrotermal coletados em veios de quartzo e topázio que se estendem ao longo da porção sudeste da Faixa Araçuaí, parte do Orógeno Brasiliano polifásico de longa duração (630 - 490 Ma). As idades U-Pb de diferentes rutilos variam entre 527 ± 6 Ma e 487 ± 5 Ma, indicando que diferentes partes do orógeno foram afetadas pelo fluxo de fluido episódico, sob condições oxidantes, em um intervalo de tempo semelhante. Os resultados de datação U-Pb dos rutilos associados à mineralização de Topázio Imperial no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (porção sul do Cráton São Francisco) restringem a idade desses depósitos a 500 - 498 Ma, o que corrobora com a faixa de idades U-Pb de sistemas hidrotermais e zonas mineralizadas relatadas anteriormente para a região. A composição química dos rutilos hidrotermais estudados, conforme determinado por microssonda eletrônica e LA-ICP-MS, juntamente com suas idades U-Pb, sugere que a extensa produção de fluido, necessária para formar os depósitos hidrotermais, foi gerada a partir de múltiplas fontes. A produção de fluido foi relacionada ao colapso extensional do Orógeno Araçuaí. As análises U-Pb, realizadas tanto pela técnica ID-TIMS quanto via LA-ICP-MS, ainda permitiram a proposição de três potenciais materiais de referência para normalização e controle de qualidade de análises U-Pb via LA-ICP-MS, sendo eles: rutilo Antônio Pereira, com idade ID-TIMS 206Pb/238U de 499,4 ± 1,1 Ma; rutilo DR2, com idades ID-TIMS 206Pb/238U de 527,8 ± 1,8 Ma e 531,3 ± 2,5 Ma (variação detectada apenas pela técnica TIMS); zircão Tanzania, com idade ID-TIMS 206Pb/238U de 601 xxii ± 1 Ma. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram claramente a utilidade da datação U-Pb, por meio da técnica LA-ICP-MS, para o estudo geocronológico de uma variedade de depósitos hidrotermais, que comumente possuem minerais acessórios com baixo conteúdo de U.Item Grenvillian age magmatism in the Southern Espinhaço Range (Minas Gerais) : evidence from U-Pb zircon ages.(2013) Chaves, Mario Luiz de Sá Carneiro; Silva, Márcio Célio Rodrigues da; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Babinski, MarlyEste trabalho descreve a primeira possível ocorrên¬cia in situ de uma rocha vulcânica datada no período Grenvilleano (~ 1,4 – 1,0 Ga) na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, com idade máxima de deposição em ca. 1,16 Ga. A amostra Vul-1A, intrusiva no Com¬plexo Basal arqueano, possui estrutura brechoide, formada por clastos de xistos, formações ferríferas (FFs), rochas vulcânicas e granitoides, em matriz vulcânica muito fina a média, petrograficamente de natureza básica com tendência alcalina, definida como um traquiandesito basálti¬co a traquibasalto, com características vulcanoclásticas. Zircões retirados da matriz dessa rocha indicaram três intervalos de idades característi¬cos: arqueana (principalmente entre 2,9 – 2,7 Ga), paleoproterozoicas (2,2 – 1,8 Ga) e, as mais importantes, grenvilleanas (1,20 – 1,16 Ga). Em relação à sua assinatura geoquímica, ela não mostra semelhança com as rochas metabásicas pós-Espinhaço (Suíte Pedro Lessa), datadas entre 1,0 – 0,9 Ga. Se confirmada a ocorrência de uma rocha ígnea dessa idade, e com tal faciologia, reforça-se a ideia de que processos magmáti¬cos semelhantes possivelmente de natureza explosiva, acompanharam a evolução da bacia Espinhaço durante seu período sinrifte final. Os dados geocronológicos obtidos podem ter identificado a possível fonte dos zircões detríticos grenvilleanos da Formação Sopa-Brumadinho e sugerem que tais processos vulcânicos foram contemporâneos e recorrentes durante a sedimentação dessa unidade.Item Idades U-Pb em zircão do conglomerado diamantífero de Grão Mogol (Supergrupo Espinhaço) : implicações para a origem dos diamantes da Serra do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais.(2013) Chaves, Mario Luiz de Sá Carneiro; Babinski, Marly; Silva, Márcio Célio Rodrigues da; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto ScholzA Serra do Espinhaço na região de Grão Mogol, centro-norte de Minas Gerais, é constituída de quartzitos finos com estratificações cruza¬das de grande porte (Formação Resplandecente), os quais são sobrepostos em discordância erosiva marcante por conglomerados monomíticos e quartzitos médios a grossos (Formação Grão Mogol), ambos unidades pertencentes ao Supergrupo Espinhaço, de idade proterozoica. Na localidade conhecida como “Pedra Rica”, um antigo garimpo de diamantes, rochas dessas for¬mações foram amostradas, e delas separados zircões detríticos para datações U-Pb por Espectrometria de massa de ionização por plasma com ablação a laser (LA-ICPMS). Os grãos analisados são arredondados a subarredondados e, em sua maioria, mostram zoneamento oscilatório. Os resultados obtidos identificaram, para a Formação Resplandecente, idade máxima de deposição de 1.595 ± 20 Ma, e para a Formação Grão Mogol de 1.052 ± 50 Ma. A comparação entre os dados adquiridos e datações disponíveis para a região de Diamantina e adjacências, na mesma província diamantífera, constitui forte indicativo da possibilidade de existência de pelo menos 2 eventos pri¬mários mineralizantes na bacia, no intervalo de idades de 1,35 a 1,05 Ga.Item A large epeiric methanogenic Bambuí sea in the core of Gondwana supercontinent?(2021) Caetano Filho, Sergio; Sansjofre, Pierre; Ader, Magali; Santos, Gustavo Macedo de Paula; Guacaneme, Cristian; Babinski, Marly; Bedoya Rueda, Carolina; Amaral, Matheus Henrique Kuchenbecker do; Reis, Humberto Luis Siqueira; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira daCarbon isotope compositions of both sedimentary carbonate and organic matter can be used as key proxies of the global carbon cycle and of its evolution through time, as long as they are acquired from waters where the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is in isotope equilibrium with the atmospheric CO2. However, in shallow water platforms and epeiric settings, the influence of local to regional parameters on carbon cycling may lead to DIC isotope variations unrelated to the global carbon cycle. This may be especially true for the terminal Neoproterozoic, when Gondwana assembly isolated waters masses from the global ocean, and extreme positive and negative carbon isotope excursions are recorded, potentially decoupled from global signals. To improve our understanding on the type of information recorded by these excursions, we investigate the paired δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg evolution for an increasingly restricted late Ediacaran-Cambrian foreland system in the West Gondwana interior: the basal Bambuí Group. This succession represents a 1st-order sedimentary sequence and records two major δ13Ccarb excursions in its two lowermost lower-rank sequences. The basal cap carbonate interval at the base of the first sequence, deposited when the basin was connected to the ocean, hosts antithetical negative and positive excursions for δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg, respectively, resulting in Δ13C values lower than 25‰. From the top of the basal sequence upwards, an extremely positive δ13Ccarb excursion is coupled to δ13Corg, reaching values of þ14‰ and 14‰, respectively. This positive excursion represents a remarkable basin-wide carbon isotope feature of the Bambuí Group that occurs with only minor changes in Δ13C values, suggesting change in the DIC isotope composition. We argue that this regional isotopic excursion is related to a disconnection between the intrabasinal and the global carbon cycles. This extreme carbon isotope excursion may have been a product of a disequilibria between the basin DIC and atmospheric CO2 induced by an active methanogenesis, favored by the basin restriction. The drawdown of sulfate reservoir by microbial sulfate reduction in a poorly ventilated and dominantly anoxic basin would have triggered methanogenesis and ultimately methane escape to the atmosphere, resulting in a13C-enriched DIC influenced by methanogenic CO2. Isolated basins in the interior of the Gondwana supercontinent may have represented a significant source.Item A large epeiric methanogenic Bambuí sea in the core of Gondwana supercontinent?(2021) Caetano Filho, Sergio; Sansjofre, Pierre; Ader, Magali; Santos, Gustavo Macedo de Paula; Guacaneme, Cristian; Babinski, Marly; Bedoya Rueda, Carolina; Amaral, Matheus Henrique Kuchenbecker do; Reis, Humberto Luis Siqueira; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira daCarbon isotope compositions of both sedimentary carbonate and organic matter can be used as key proxies of the global carbon cycle and of its evolution through time, as long as they are acquired from waters where the dis- solved inorganic carbon (DIC) is in isotope equilibrium with the atmospheric CO2. However, in shallow water platforms and epeiric settings, the influence of local to regional parameters on carbon cycling may lead to DIC isotope variations unrelated to the global carbon cycle. This may be especially true for the terminal Neo- proterozoic, when Gondwana assembly isolated waters masses from the global ocean, and extreme positive and negative carbon isotope excursions are recorded, potentially decoupled from global signals. To improve our understanding on the type of information recorded by these excursions, we investigate the paired δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg evolution for an increasingly restricted late Ediacaran-Cambrian foreland system in the West Gondwana interior: the basal Bambuí Group. This succession represents a 1st-order sedimentary sequence and records two major δ13Ccarb excursions in its two lowermost lower-rank sequences. The basal cap carbonate interval at the base of the first sequence, deposited when the basin was connected to the ocean, hosts antithetical negative and positive excursions for δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg, respectively, resulting in Δ13C values lower than 25‰. From the top of the basal sequence upwards, an extremely positive δ13Ccarb excursion is coupled to δ13Corg, reaching values of þ14‰ and 14‰, respectively. This positive excursion represents a remarkable basin-wide carbon isotope feature of the Bambuí Group that occurs with only minor changes in Δ13C values, suggesting change in the DIC isotope composition. We argue that this regional isotopic excursion is related to a disconnection between the intrabasinal and the global carbon cycles. This extreme carbon isotope excursion may have been a product of a disequilibria between the basin DIC and atmospheric CO2 induced by an active methanogenesis, favored by the basin restriction. The drawdown of sulfate reservoir by microbial sulfate reduction in a poorly ventilated and dominantly anoxic basin would have triggered methanogenesis and ultimately methane escape to the atmosphere, resulting in a13C-enriched DIC influenced by methanogenic CO2. Isolated basins in the interior of the Gondwana supercontinent may have represented a significant source of methane inputs to the atmosphere, potentially affecting both the global carbon cycle and the climate.Item Neoproterozoic glacial deposits from the Araçuaí orogen, Brazil : age, provenance and correlations with the São Francisco craton and West Congo belt.(2012) Babinski, Marly; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira da; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Noce, Carlos MaurícioGlacigenic diamictite successions of the Macaúbas Group are widespread in the western domain of the Araçuaí orogen, east of the São Francisco craton (Brazil). Diamictites also occur on this craton and in the African counterpart of the Araçuaí orogen, theWest Congo belt. Detrital zircon grains fromthe matrix of diamictites and sandstones from the Macaúbas Group were dated by the U–Pb SHRIMP technique. The geochronological study sets the maximum depositional age of the glacial diamictites at 900 Ma, and indicates multiple sources for the Macaúbas basin with ages ranging from 900 to 2800Ma. Sm–Nd TDM model ages, determined on whole rock samples, range from 1.8 Ga to 2.5 Ga and get older up-section. Comparison of our data with those from the cratonic area suggest that these glacial deposits can be correlated to the Jequitaí and Carrancas diamictites in the São Francisco craton, and to the Lower Mixtite Formation of the West Congolian Group, exposed in Africa. The 900–1000 Ma source is most probably represented by the Zadinian–Mayumbian volcanic rocks and related granites from the West Congo belt. However, one of the most voluminous sources, with ages in the 1.1–1.3 Ga interval, has not been detected in the São Francisco-Congo craton. Possible sources for these grains could occur elsewhere in Africa, or possibly from within the Brasília Belt in western central Brazil.Item Orógeno Araçuaí : síntese do conhecimento 30 anos após Almeida 1977.(2007) Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Noce, Carlos Maurício; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de; Silva, Luiz Carlos da; Babinski, Marly; Cordani, Umberto Giuseppe; Castañeda, CristianeThe Araçuaí Fold Belt was defined as the southeastern limit of the São Francisco Craton in the classical paper published by Fernando Flávio Marques de Almeida in 1977. This keystone of the Brazilian geologic literature catalyzed important discoveries, such as of Neoproterozoic ophiolites and a calc-alkaline magmatic arc, related to the Araçuaí Belt and paleotectonic correlations with its counterpart located in Africa (the West Congo Belt), that provided solid basis to define the Araçuaí-West-Congo Orogen by the end of the 1990th decade. After the opening of the Atlantic Ocean in Cretaceous times, two thirds of the Araçuaí-West-Congo Orogen remained in the Brazil side, including records of the continental rift and passive margin phases of the precursor basin, all ophiolite slivers and the whole orogenic magmatism formed from the pre-collisional to post-collisional stages. Thus, the name Araçuaí Orogen has been applied to the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian orogenic region that extends from the southeastern edge of the São Francisco Craton to the Atlantic coastline and is roughly limited between the 15º and 21º S parallels. After 30 years of systematic geological mapping together with geochemical and geochronological studies published by many authors, all evolutionary stages of the Araçuaí Orogen can be reasonably interpreted. Despite the regional metamorfism and deformation, the following descriptions generally refer to protoliths. All mentioned ages were obtained by U-Pb method on zircon. The Macaúbas Group records rift, passive margin and oceanic environments of the precursor basin of the Araçuaí Orogen. From the base to the top and from proximal to distal units, this group comprises the pre-glacial Duas Barras and Rio Peixe Bravo formations, and the glaciogenic Serra do Catuni, Nova Aurora and Lower Chapada Acauã formations, related to continental rift and transitional stages, and the diamictitefree Upper Chapada Acauã and Ribeirão da Folha formations, representing passive margin and oceanic environments. Dates of detrital zircon grains from Duas Barras sandstones and Serra do Catuni diamictites suggest a maximum sedimentation age around 900 Ma for the lower Macaúbas Group, in agreement with ages yielded by the Pedro Lessa mafic dikes (906 ± 2 Ma) and anorogenic granites of Salto da Divisa (875 ± 9 Ma). The thick diamictite-bearing marine successions with sand-rich turbidites, diamictitic iron formation, mafic volcanic rocks and pelites (Nova Aurora and Lower Chapada Acauã formations) were deposited from the rift to transitional stages. The Upper Chapada Acauã Formation consists of a sand-pelite shelf succession, deposited after ca. 864 Ma ago in the proximal passive margin. The Ribeirão da Folha Formation mainly consists of sand-pelite turbidites, pelagic pelites, sulfide-bearing cherts and banded iron formations, representing distal passive margin to oceanic sedimentation. Gabbro and dolerite with plagiogranite veins dated at ca. 660 Ma, and ultramafic rocks form tectonic slices of oceanic lithosphere thrust onto packages of the Ribeirão da Folha Formation. The pre-collisional, calc-alkaline, continental magmatic arc (G1 Suite, 630-585 Ma) consists of tonalites and granodiorites, with minor diorite and gabbro. A volcano-sedimentary succession of this magmatic arc includes pyroclastic and volcaniclastic rocks of dacitic composition dated at ca. 585 Ma, ascribed to the Palmital do Sul and Tumiritinga formations (Rio Doce Group), deposited from intra-arc to fore-arc settings. Detrital zircon geochronology suggests that the São Tomé wackes (Rio Doce Group) represent intra-arc to back-arc sedimentation after ca. 594 Ma ago. The Salinas Formation, a conglomerate-wacke-pelite association located to northwest of the magmatic arc, represents synorogenic sedimentation younger than ca. 588 Ma. A huge zone of syn-collisional S-type granites (G2 Suite, 582-560 Ma) occurs to the east and north of the pre-collisional magmatic arc, northward of latitude 20º S. Partial melting of G2 granites originated peraluminous leucogranites (G3 Suite) from the late- to post-collisional stages. A set of late structures, and the post-collisional intrusions of the S-type G4 Suite (535-500 Ma) and I-type G5 Suite (520-490 Ma) are related to the gravitational collapse of the orogen. The location of the magmatic arc, roughly parallel to the zone with ophiolite slivers, from the 17º30’ S latitude southwards suggests that oceanic crust only developed along the southern segment of the precursor basin of the Araçuaí- West-Congo Orogen. This basin was carved, like a large gulf partially floored by oceanic crust, into the São Francisco-Congo Paleocontinent, but paleogeographic reconstructions show that the Bahia-Gabon cratonic bridge (located to the north of the Araçuaí Orogen) subsisted since at least 1 Ga until the Atlantic opening. This uncommon geotectonic scenario inspired the concept of confined orogen, quoted as a new type of collisional orogen in the international literature, and the appealing nutcracker tectonic model to explain the Araçuaí-West-Congo Orogen evolution.Item Provenance shift through time in superposed basins : from early cryogenian glaciomarine to late ediacaran orogenic sedimentations (Araçuaí Orogen, SE Brazil).(2020) Castro, Marco Paulo de; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Oliveira, Leon Dias; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Babinski, Marly; Alkmim, Ana Ramalho; Silva, Marco Antônio daRecords of Precambrian glaciation have been reported from southeastern Brazil for over a century. We present sedimentological, stratigraphic and isotopic (U-Pb and Lu-Hf on detrital zircons, C and O on carbonates) studies on diamictite-rich to diamictite-free successions of the Araçuaí Orogen, the Brazilian counterpart of the Araçuaí – West Congo Orogenic System (AWCO). From base to top, the Chapada Acauã Formation (Macaúbas Group) includes a diamictite-rich unit, with lenses of graded sandstone and clast-supported conglomerate, that gradually passes to graded sandstone, pelite with sparse oversized clasts and rare carbonate lenses on top, representing mass flow and turbidity current deposits of submarine fan, followed by finer-grained turbiditic sedimentation with iceberg discharges along fan fringes, from glaciomarine to post-glacial scenarios. The Salinas Formation comprises a deep-sea sand-mud sequence composed of pelites and pelitic wackes. The Chapada Acauã Formation was deposited in-between 750 and 667 Ma. It shows wide spectra of zircon ages (typical of continental rift to passive margin settings) that start around 3.2 Ga and display main age peaks indicating sediment provenance from the Rhyacian-Orosirian basement (εHf(t) = +14.6 to −18.5) and Early Tonian anorogenic rocks (950–880 Ma; εHf(t) = −3.2 to −23.2) for the diamictite-rich lower unit and, for the upper unit, also in Early Cryogenian anorogenic rocks (ca. 715 Ma, εHf(t) = −9.6). In contrast, the Salinas Formation shows most ages in-between 676 and 620 Ma and a maximum sedimentation age around 551 Ma, with εHf(t) from +6.9 to −18.2, unravelling an important shifting of sediment provenance to sources located in magmatic arcs and collisional granites of the Araçuaí and Ribeira orogens. The Early Cryogenian age and negative Hf signature for the glaciomarine Chapada Acauã Formation point to sediment sources in the 720–670 Ma anorogenic igneous rocks found in AWCO and adjacent Congo – São Francisco Craton, and suggest correlation with the Sturtian global glaciation.Item Rare earth elements in the terminal Ediacaran Bambuí Group carbonate rocks (Brazil) : evidence for high seawater alkalinity during rise of early animals.(2020) Santos, Gustavo Macedo de Paula; Caetano Filho, Sergio; Enzweiler, Jacinta; Navarro, Margareth Sugano; Babinski, Marly; Guacaneme, Cristian; Amaral, Matheus Henrique Kuchenbecker do; Reis, Humberto Luis Siqueira; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira daRare earth elements plus yttrium (REY) mass fractions of ancient carbonate rocks are used to track changes in chemistry of past seawater. Here we investigate REY patterns in two carbonate sections from the Ediacaran Bambuí Group, São Francisco Basin (Brazil), which comprise its two lowermost transgressive-regressive secondorder sedimentary sequences. Shale normalised distributions vary with the sequence stratigraphy framework. In the basal 2nd-order sequence, carbonate samples from the basal sequence transgressive systems tract display light REY (LREY) distributions slightly depleted to enriched that reflect input of freshwater, possibly in a post glacial episode. Upwards, carbonate rocks from the early highstand systems tract (EHST) yielded LREY enriched distributions, which progressively turns into LREY shale normalized depleted distributions on samples from the late highstand systems tract (LHST). This portion of the sequence also displays Y positive anomaly in some cases. Carbonate samples from the upper second-order sequence do not display coherent patterns. Ce/Ce* values > 1 in most samples throughout the two sections suggest permanent anoxia of seawater. The REY change from the EHST to LHST in the basal sequence marks an important paleoenvironmental overturn in the basin, with increasing alkalinity in seawater driving REY fractionation and LREY depletion. Confinement of the basin in the inner areas of West Gondwana due the uplift of marginal neoproterozoic orogens probably changed the weathering style of source areas to more congruent, thus delivering a higher ionic influx to a restricted setting, increasing alkalinity during LHST. Cloudina sp. fragments were reported in this stage of the Bambuí Group and in carbonate rocks with high Sr mass fractions in other West Gondwana basins, supporting the hypothesis that the high alkalinity of seawater during late Ediacaran may have driven the appearance of the first biomineralizing organisms.Item Sequence stratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of an Ediacaran-Cambrian foreland-related carbonate ramp (Bambuí Group, Brazil).(2019) Caetano Filho, Sergio; Santos, Gustavo Macedo de Paula; Guacaneme, Cristian; Babinski, Marly; Bedoya Rueda, Carolina; Peloso, Marília; Amorim, Kamilla Borges; Afonso, Jhon Willy Lopes; Amaral, Matheus Henrique Kuchenbecker do; Reis, Humberto Luis Siqueira; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira daIn the terminal Neoproterozoic, drastic climate changes associated with biological innovations are coupled to isotope and elemental geochemical anomalies. However, lateral variability and local depositional controls may affect global geochemical signals, which can only be tracked through a proper stratigraphic/paleogeographic assessment. Here, we investigate the sequence stratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the basal units of the Bambuí Group, central-east Brazil. This stratigraphic unit records a foreland basin system developed during the Ediacaran-Cambrian West Gondwana assembly and represents a 1st-order sequence, in which the two lowermost 2nd-order sequences record major geochemical disturbances. The first 2nd-order sequence started with the deposition of a transgresive systems tract, possibly in a postglacial scenario, which accompanies a negative-topositive δ13Ccarb excursion. The early highstand systems tract represents the establishment of a marine carbonate ramp throughout the basin. In terms of chemostratigraphy, it corresponds to a δ13Ccarb plateau close to 0‰ and Sr/Ca ratios around 0.001. The late highstand stage coincides with a remarkable increase in Sr content and Sr/Ca ratios at basinal scale. Occurrences of the Cloudina sp. late Ediacaran index fossil were reported in this stage. An erosional unconformity associated with a dolomitic interval, locally including subaerial exposure features, marks the top of the first 2nd-order sequence. This sequence boundary heralds an abrupt increase in δ13Ccarb values, up to +14‰. These extremely high δ13Ccarb values and high Sr/Ca ratios persist throughout the overlying sequence, as a result of progressive and enhanced restriction of the foreland basin system. Basin restriction at this stage has implications for the paleontological and chemostratigraphic record of epicontinental basins of the West Gondwana in the terminal Ediacaran. Late Ediacaran Sr-rich intervals in these basins show unusually nonradiogenic 87Sr/86Sr ratios, which may represent local depositional controls and deviations from the modern oceanographic models. Physiographic barriers and stressful conditions likely represented extreme environments for metazoan colonization.Item Tectonically-induced strontium isotope changes in ancient restricted seas : the case of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Bambuí foreland basin system, east Brazil.(2021) Guacaneme, Cristian; Babinski, Marly; Bedoya Rueda, Carolina; Santos, Gustavo Macedo de Paula; Caetano Filho, Sergio; Amaral, Matheus Henrique Kuchenbecker do; Reis, Humberto Luis Siqueira; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira daThe Bambuí Group is a marine sedimentary record of an intracratonic foreland basin developed at the terminal Ediacaran and early Cambrian during the assembly of West Gondwana. Here we present a basin-scale high- resolution Sr isotope stratigraphy for the basal Bambuí Group, aiming to understand the spatial and temporal var- iations of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and to explore the controls over the Sr isotope system in intracontinental marine environments. Assessment of the stratigraphic evolution of both Sr concentrations and Sr isotopes shows a major increase in Sr/Ca ratios (up to 0.004) and a decrease in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.7086 to 0.7076 in the high stand system tract of the basal 2nd-order sequence. These changes precede a large positive δ13C excursion typically found across the basin in the middle Bambuí Group. The high variability of both 87Sr/86Sr and Sr/Ca ra- tios was not caused by globally uniform changes in isotopic compositions of seawater, but rather likely reflect marine restriction and paleogeographic changes of the depositional environments at basin scale. This would re- sult from the tectonic uplift of Neoproterozoic orogenic belts around the São Francisco craton, which generated an isolated foreland marine basin. Compared to the global ocean, such a smaller intracontinental reservoir would be more sensitive to the Sr isotope composition from the different rock sources. We suggest that changes on the balance between carbonate production and accommodation associated with tectonically-related flexural subsi- dence progressively modified the continental drainage patterns, sedimentary sources and the chemical weathering regimes, altering the strontium influxes and isotopic compositions of the seawater in the early Bambuí basin cycle. Similar anomalies in the strontium isotope record are also recorded in coeval marine basins across West Gondwana and suggest that tectonics might have played an important role on seawater chemistry at the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic transition.Item The hot back-arc zone of the Araçuaí orogen, Eastern Brazil : from sedimentation to granite generation.(2014) Mendonça, Camila Bassil Gradim; Roncato Júnior, Jorge Geraldo; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Cordani, Umberto Giuseppe; Dussin, Ivo Antonio; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Jacobsohn, Tânia; Silva, Luiz Carlos da; Babinski, MarlyEste artigo apresenta novos dados litoquímicos e geocronológicos obtidos de rochas gnáissicas e graníticas da zona de retroarco situada imediatamente a leste do Arco Rio Doce (630 – 580 Ma), no orógeno Araçuaí. O Complexo Nova Venécia é a mais importante fonte de fusões graníticas peraluminosas na região. Este complexo consiste, essencialmente, de paragnaisses peraluminosos migmatíticos que variam entre gnaisses ricos em biotita e cordierita-granulitos livres de biotita, cujos protolitos foram sedimentos grauvaquianos. Uma seção E-W no setor norte do retroarco revela uma zona rica em cordierita-granulito, na base, seguida por paragnaisses migmatíticos do Complexo Nova Venécia que passam, gradativamente, a granitos foliados ricos em enclaves de rochas metassedimentares (Suíte Ataléia), os quais estão sobrepostos pelo Batólito Carlos Chagas. Ao sul deste batólito, rochas a hercinita e ortopiroxênio são freqüentes no Complexo Nova Venécia e Suíte Ataléia, indicando nível crustal mais profundo. Nossos dados U-Pb evidenciam que processos anatéticos tiveram início no Complexo Nova Venécia ainda durante o desenvolvimento do Arco Rio Doce, em torno de 590 Ma, originando fusões graníticas relacionadas à Suíte Ataléia. A progressiva produção de magma granítico e sua acumulação atingiram o clímax no intervalo 575 Ma, em pleno estágio sincolisional, resultando na edificação do Batólito Carlos Chagas. Em torno de 545 – 530 Ma, adveio novo processo anatético, que originou granada-cordierita leucogranitos a partir da fusão parcial de granitos da Suíte Ataléia e Batólito Carlos Chagas. Finalmente, um marcante plutonismo pós-colisional (520–480 Ma) do tipo I causou importante re-aquecimento regional. Esta longa história (ca. 110 Ma) de produção de magmas graníticos na zona de retroarco requer diferentes fontes de calor, tais como ascenção astenosférica sob a região de retroarco durante o estágio pré-colisional, cavalgamento da base quente do arco sobre o retroarco, liberação de calor radiogênico da pilha crustal espessada no estágio colisional e, finalmente, ascenção astenosférica durante o colapso gravitacional do Orógeno Araçuaí.Item The neoproterozoic Macaúbas group, Araçuaí orogen, SE Brazil.(2011) Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Babinski, Marly; Noce, Carlos Maurício; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Vilela, FranciscoItem The Ribeirão da Folha ophiolite-bearing accretionary wedge (Araçuaí orogen, SE Brazil) : new data for Cryogenian plagiogranite and metasedimentary rocks.(2020) Amaral, Leandro Silva dos Santos; Caxito, Fabrício de Andrade; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Babinski, Marly; Trindade, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira da; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Chemale Júnior, FaridThe Araçuaí orogen and West Congo belt make up a singular confined orogenic system, embraced by the San Francisco – Congo craton: the AWCO. It includes a southern sector with ophiolite bodies and magmatic arc, and a northern sector free of them, suggesting the precursor basin was an embayment partially floored by oceanic crust. The northernmost ophiolitic rock-assemblage found in the Araçuaí orogen comprises metamafic and meta-ultramafic rocks with signatures of ocean-floor magmas, and associated pelagic to oceanic metasedimentary rocks of the Ribeirão da Folha Formation. Although tectonically dismembered and metamorphosed, those rocks resemble the classical ophiolite pseudostratigraphy. The Ribeirão da Folha Formation comprises rocks expected to be found in the upper units of an ophiolite edifice, like Al-rich micaschist (pelagic pelite), graphite-rich schist (black shale), sulfide-bearing metachert, diopsidite with massive sulfide, and banded iron formations (chemical-exhalative sediments), and sulfide-bearing fine-grained ortho-amphibolite with thin metachert intercalations (mafic volcanic unit). That formation hosts tectonic slices of banded ortho-amphibolite (dolerite) with plagiogranite veins, and coarse-grained massive ortho-amphibolite (gabbro), representing dismembered slivers from deeper mafic units, and slices of meta-ultramafic rocks from the deepest ophiolite units. Zircon crystals from a plagiogranite vein yielded the U-Pb SHRIMP age of 645 ± 10 Ma, providing a new time constraint for ocean-floor emplacement. Micaschist samples show chemical attributes typical of distal passive margin pelites. Among three progressive deformation phases, the main ductile phase (Dn) shows kinematic indicators related to top to SW mass transport, associated with intermediate P-T (St, Ky, Sil) metamorphic zoning. Although the few youngest grains of detrital zircon from three siliciclastic samples have distinct ages (around 599 Ma, 741 Ma, and 816 Ma), their wide-range age spectra and Hf signatures suggest similar sediment sources. The wide lithological variety and stratigraphic complexity along with the intricate tectonic framework of the Ribeirão da Folha region, comprising thrust slices of ophiolitic rocks tectonically interleaved with older rift-related rocks, characterize an accretionary wedge that was scrapped off the subducted slab and involved in collisional tectonics, marking the AWCO suture zone for some 250 km between the Guanhães basement block (lower plate) and Rio Doce magmatic arc (upper plate).Item Towards an integrated tectonic model for the interaction between the Bambuí basin and the adjoining orogenic belts : evidences from the detrital zircon record of syn-orogenic units.(2020) Amaral, Matheus Henrique Kuchenbecker do; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Babinski, Marly; Reis, Humberto Luís Siqueira; Atman, Dora; Costa, Ricardo Diniz daThe Sao ̃ Francisco craton and its surrounding orogens are some of the most important tectonic elements of South America, and key regions to understanding the assembly of Western Gondwana in the Proterozoic-Palaeozoic transition. During this major tectonic event, diachronic collisions between small continents developed an intricated orogenic system, where several orogens evolved in unique paths through time and space. In such collisional settings, there are some tectonic processes that promote subsidence, thus controlling the formation of orogenic-related sedimentary basins. Furthermore, the tectonic activity in collisional orogens generates dynamic landscapes that usually favor increased erosion and sediment generation to feed these basins, making them key places to seek for clues about the tectonic evolution of their surroundings. On the S ̃ ao Francisco craton, the Bambuí Group records a complex foreland system, which evolved in response to the lithospheric overload exerted by the uplift of both Brasília belt and Araçuaí orogen. In turn, both Salinas Formation and Ibia ́ Group comprise orogenic deposits resting within the Araçuaí orogen and Brasília belt, respectively, whose tectonic significance is still under debate. Here we present new U–Pb (LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP) and Lu–Hf isotopic an- alyses on a great amount of detrital zircon grains extracted from the rocks of the Bambuí Group and Salinas Formation, together with a thorough data compilation from the literature. The two units present similar prov- enance patterns, sharing the major detrital zircon age peaks (550–650 Ma, 950–1050 Ma, 1750–2000 Ma, 2600–2800 Ma) and maximum depositional age in c. 550 Ma. The Ediacaran zircons recovered from the Bambuí Group show a wide range of the εHf(t), ranging from c. − 17 to +15, which suggest the existence of multiple late Neoproterozoic sources, some of them juvenile and some with a long crustal residence. The variation in detrital zircon age patterns and εHf(t) values from different units within the Bambuí Group provided additional clues of provenance changes occurred during the evolution of the basin. The new data obtained for the Salinas Formation constrain its deposition between 548 and 500 Ma, which have an important implication on its tectonic signifi- cance. We propose that in both Brasília belt and Araçuaí orogen sides, the early foredeep deposits of the Bambuí basin should have been incorporated to the orogenic domains, which could explain the apparent lack of deposits recording the climax of the Brasilia belt uplift (c. 630 Ma) within the cratonic area. In this same direction, we consider that both Salinas Formation and Ibi ́ a Group could represent remnants of these early foreland deposits related to the uplift of Brasília belt and Araçuaí orogen, respectively, incorporated to the orogenic wedges due to the advance of the deformational fronts. Therefore, what we know as Bambuí Group is in fact the remaining record of an advanced stage of the foreland system, when subsidence was already influenced by the two evolving orogens. Altogether, the analyses of the stratigraphic, structural and geochronological data converge towards an integrated tectonic model for the interaction between the Bambuí basin and the surrounding orogens during West Gondwana amalgamation.