Browsing by Author "Braga, Daiane Cristina de Assis"

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    Efeitos do tratamento com suspensão de extrato de folhas de Psidium guajava L. (goiabeira) sob a pressão arterial e balanço hidroeletrolítico de ratos Wistar sob dieta com sobrecarga de sódio.
    (2019) Braga, Daiane Cristina de Assis; Cardoso, Leonardo Máximo; Dores, Rosana Gonçalves Rodrigues das; Cardoso, Leonardo Máximo; Haibara, Andréa Siqueira; Lima, Wanderson Geraldo de; Dores, Rosana Gonçalves Rodrigues das
    A hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma doença crônica multifatorial que tem grande prevalência na população mundial atualmente. Um dos fatores de risco é a alimentação com alto teor de sódio. Algumas classes de medicamentos já são destinados ao tratamento da hipertensão. Contudo, em decorrência de efeitos colaterais, falta de eficiência na redução dos níveis pressóricos e intolerância a estes medicamentos, tem aumentado a necessidade de descoberta para novos medicamentos. Estudos etnofarmacológicas têm apontado várias plantas como potenciais agentes anti-hipertensivos, dentre eles Psidium guajava L. (goiabeira). O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o potencial anti-hipertensivo da suspensão obtida a partir do extrato etanólico de folhas de Psidium guajava L. (SPs) em um modelo de hipertensão sódio-dependente e avaliar possíveis mecanismos correlacionados à ação hipotensora. Para tanto, ratos Wistar foram submetidos a uma dieta contendo 0,9% de Na+ - grupo High salt (HS) ou 0,27% de Na+ grupo controle do desmame até a 16ª semana. Nas últimas 4 semanas, com hipertensão já estabelecida no grupo HS, animais de ambos os grupos foram subdivididos para diferentes tratamentos. Consumo de ração, sódio, ingestão de água e medida de volume urinário foram feitos em gaiolas metabólicas na 12ª e 16ª semanas por 24 horas. A partir da 13ª semana pós desmame, os animais começaram a receber, via gavagem, suspensão de extrato de folhas de goiabeira (SPs, 100 mg.kg-1 ou 200 mg.kg-1 ), furosemida (20 mg.kg-1 ) ou 1 mL de água destilada (placebo) por 4 semanas. Ao final do tratamento, pressão arterial foi medida por método direto em animais com livre movimentação na gaiola (não-anestesiados) e um teste farmacológico para se avaliar “drive” simpático foi feito com hexametônio (20 mg.kg-1 ). SPs foi caracterizado quantitativamente por dosagens de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante e qualitativamente por CLAE-UV. Os resultados mostram que o processo de extração preserva vários fitoquímicos com ação potencial no sistema cardiovascular. O tratamento com SPs foi efetivo em reverter o quadro de hipertensão nos animais HS sem produzir hipotensão em ratos controle. A dose efetiva para esse efeito foi a da 200 mg.kg-1 reduzindo os níveis pressóricos basais dos animais do grupo HS SPs 200 em 10% em relação ao grupo HS placebo. Os dados de balanço hidroeletrolítico sugerem que o SPs não produziu efeito diurético. Por outro lado, os experimentos com hexametônio sugerem um efeito sobre a atividade simpática que pode ser responsável por pelo menos parte dos efeitos anti-hipertensivos do SPs. Portanto, conclui-se que o SPs pode ser um agente anti-hipertensivo com uso potencial no tratamento da hipertensão arterial, em especial a origem sódio-dependente.
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    Effects of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on blood pressure control and IL-10 production in salt-dependent hypertensive rats.
    (2022) Braga, Daiane Cristina de Assis; Gomes, Paula Magalhães; Batista, Marcos Adriano Carlos; Souza, Jaqueline Aparecida de; Bastos, Juliana Cristina Santos Almeida; Dôres, Rosana Gonçalves Rodrigues das; Alzamora, Andréia Carvalho; Souza, Gustavo Henrique Bianco de; Moura, Sandra Aparecida Lima de; Silva, André Talvani Pedrosa da; Antunes, Vagner Roberto; Cardoso, Leonardo Máximo
    Psidium guajava (guava) leaves extract displays anti-hypertensive properties by mechanisms not yet fully un- derstood. Here, we investigated whether sympathetic drive and immune signaling mechanisms are involved with the antihypertensive effect of the guava extract in a model of salt-dependent hypertension. Raw guava extract (rPsE) was characterized by colorimetric and UPLC-MS techniques. Two doses of rPsE (100 and 200 mg/kg) were evaluated for anti-hypertensive effect using a suspension system (PsE). Weaned male Wistar rats were put on a high-salt diet (HSD, 0.90 % Na+) for 16 weeks and received gavages of PsE for the last 4 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at the end of treatment in conscious rats. The neurogenic pressor effect was assessed by ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium. Autonomic modulation of heart rate was evaluated by spectral analysis. The effects of orally administered PsE on lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) were assessed in anesthetized rats. Blood IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF were measured. The increased neurogenic pressor effect of HSD rats was reduced by PsE 100 mg/kg, but not by 200 mg/kg. PsE (200 mg/kg) administration in anesthetized rats produced a greater fall in BP of HSD rats compared to standard salt diet (SSD) rats. PsE hypotensive response elicited an unproportionable increase in LSNA of HSD rats compared to SSD rats. PsE (200 mg/kg) increased plasma concentrations of IL-10 but had no effect on TNF or IL-17A. Our data indicate that the antihypertensive effects of PsE may involve autonomic mechanisms and immunomodulation by overexpression of IL-10 in salt- dependent hypertensive rats.
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    Nutritional composition of fad diets published on websites and blogs.
    (2019) Braga, Daiane Cristina de Assis; Coletro, Hillary Nascimento; Freitas, Maria Tereza de
    Objective To analyze quantitatively the diets available on blogs and websites. Methods The following 15 diets were analyzed: low-carb diet, gluten-free diet and intermittent fasting diet using the Virtual Nutri software program. The nutrients analyzed were as follows: carbohydrates, fi bers, proteins, lipids, iodine, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, D, niacin, and folate. The nutrient values were compared with the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for adults between the ages of 19-50 years. The macronutrient adequacy percentage was based on a 2000-kcal diet for a healthy life, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Results It was observed that most of the composition of macro and micronutrients was lower than the one established by the World Health Organization and the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for adults between the ages of 19-50 years. Conclusion Long-term dieting can be a risk factor for several defi ciency diseases and may endanger the health of individuals.
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    Salt-dependent hypertension and inflammation : targeting the gut-brain axis and the immune system with Brazilian green propolis.
    (2020) Batista, Marcos Adriano Carlos; Braga, Daiane Cristina de Assis; Moura, Sandra Aparecida Lima de; Souza, Gustavo Henrique Bianco de; Santos, Orlando David Henrique dos; Cardoso, Leonardo Máximo
    Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a major health problem around the world and its development has been associated with exceeding salt consumption by the modern society. The mechanisms by which salt consumption increase blood pressure (BP) involve several homeostatic systems but many details have not yet been fully elucidated. Evidences accumulated over the last 60 decades raised the involvement of the immune system in the hypertension development and opened a range of possibilities for new therapeutic targets. Green propolis is a promising natural product with potent anti-infammatory properties acting on specifc targets, most of them participating in the gut–brain axis of the sodium-dependent hypertension. New anti-hypertensive products reinforce the therapeutic arsenal improving the corollary of choices, especially in those cases where patients are resistant or refractory to conventional therapy. This review sought to bring the newest advances in the feld articulating evidences that show a cross-talking between infammation and the central mechanisms involved with the sodium-dependent hypertension as well as the stablished actions of green propolis and some of its biologically active compounds on the immune cells and cytokines that would be involved with its anti-hypertensive properties.
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    Swimming training improves cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and prevents renal damage in rats fed a high-sodium diet from weaning.
    (2020) Souza, Jaqueline Aparecida de; Oliveira, Lenice Kappes Becker; Batista, Marcos Adriano Carlos; Braga, Daiane Cristina de Assis; Gomes, Paula Magalhães; Alzamora, Andréia Carvalho; Vieira, Maria Aparecida Ribeiro; Lima, Wanderson Geraldo de; Andrade, Marina Gonçalves Caetano; Sanches, Bruno de Lima; Totou, Nádia Lúcia; Martins Junior, Francisco de Assis Dias; Oliveira, Lisandra Brandino de; Antunes, Vagner Roberto; Cardoso, Leonardo Máximo
    High sodium intake is an important factor associated with hypertension. High-sodium intake with exercise training can modify homeostatic hydro-electrolytic balance, but the effects of this association are mostly unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of swimming training (ST) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na+ concentration, sympathetic drive, blood pressure (BP) and renal function of rats fed a 0.9% Na+ (equivalent to 2% NaCl) diet with free access to water for 22 weeks after weaning. Male Wistar rats were assigned to two cohorts: (1) fed standard diet (SD) and (2) fed high-sodium (HS) diet. Each cohort was further divided into trained and sedentary groups. ST normalised BP levels of HS rats as well as the higher sympathetically related pressor activity assessed by pharmacological blockade of ganglionic transmission (hexamethonium). ST preserved the renal function and attenuated the glomerular shrinkage elicited by HS. No change in blood volume was found among the groups. CSF [Na+] levels were higher in sedentary HS rats but were reduced by ST. Our findings showed that ST effectively normalised BP of HS rats, independent of its effects on hydro-electrolytic balance, which might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by Na+ levels in the CSF as well as renal protection.
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    The gut-brain axis and sodium appetite : can inflammation-related signaling influence the control of sodium intake?
    (2022) Freitas, Flávio Eduardo Dias Araújo; Batista, Marcos Adriano Carlos; Braga, Daiane Cristina de Assis; Oliveira, Lisandra Brandino de; Antunes, Vagner Roberto; Cardoso, Leonardo Máximo
    Sodium is the main cation present in the extracellular fluid. Sodium and water content in the body are responsible for volume and osmotic homeostasis through mechanisms involving sodium and water excretion and intake. When body sodium content decreases below the homeostatic threshold, a condition termed sodium deficiency, highly motivated sodium seeking, and intake occurs. This is termed sodium appetite. Classically, sodium and water intakes are controlled by a number of neuroendocrine mechanisms that include signaling molecules from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system acting in the central nervous system (CNS). However, recent findings have shown that sodium and water intakes can also be influenced by inflammatory agents and mediators acting in the CNS. For instance, central infusion of IL-1β or TNF-α can directly affect sodium and water consumption in animal models. Some dietary conditions, such as high salt intake, have been shown to change the intestinal microbiome composition, stimulating the immune branch of the gut-brain axis through the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, which can stimulate the brain immune system. In this review, we address the latest findings supporting the hypothesis that immune signaling in the brain could produce a reduction in thirst and sodium appetite and, therefore, contribute to sodium intake control.