Browsing by Author "Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira"

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    Longitudinal changes in the retail food environment in Mexico and their association with diabetes.
    (2020) Pérez Ferrer, Carolina; Auchincloss, Amy H.; Barrientos Gutierrez, Tonatiuh; Colchero, M. Arantxa; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira; Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de; Bilal, Usama
    The retail food environment is a potential population-level determinant of diet and nutrition-related chronic diseases, yet little is known about its composition and association with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries. Our objectives were: (1) to describe changes in the composition of the retail food environment in Mexican neighborhoods from 2010 to 2016 and (2) to examine the association between these changes and diabetes cases diagnosed over the same period. Individual level data came from the 2016 Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 2808 adults). Neighborhood level retail food environment data for 2010 and 2016 came from the National Directory of Economic Units of Mexico. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the adjusted association between changes in the neighborhood density per km2 of fruit and vegetable stores, chain convenience stores and supermarkets with diabetes. Small store formats still predominate in Mexico’s food environment, however there is evidence of fast increase in chain convenience stores and supermarkets. Adults living in neighborhoods that saw a decline in fruit and vegetable store density and a simultaneous increase in chain convenience store density experienced higher odds of diabetes, compared to adults who lived in neigh- borhoods where fruit and vegetable and convenience stores did not change (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.61, 9.48). Considering the complex interplay between store types, understanding the mechanisms and confirming the causal implications of these findings could inform policies that improve the quality of food environments in cities.
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    Questionário do ELSA-Brasil : desafios na elaboração de instrumento multidimensional.
    (2013) Chor, Dóra; Alves, Márcia Guimarães de Mello; Giatti, Luana; Cade, Nágela Valadão; Nunes, Maria Angélica Antunes; Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi; Benseñor, Isabela Judith Martins; Aquino, Estela M. L.; Passos, Valéria Maria de Azeredo; Santos, Simone M.; Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes da; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira
    O artigo apresenta o processo de elaboração do questionário utilizado no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Iniciamos pelo relato sobre a “Seleção de Temas” abordados no questionário, cujo conteúdo teria que abranger o conhecimento disponível acerca da complexa rede de causalidade dos desfechos de interesse, assim como possibilitar a comparabilidade com estudos semelhantes. Contextualizamos a “tradução e a adaptação de instrumentos de medida”, necessárias no caso de escalas de avaliação de vizinhanças, do instrumento para diagnóstico de transtornos depressivos e de ansiedade, e do questionário de frequência alimentar. A seguir, comentamos os critérios que nortearam a “ordem dos blocos temáticos” e fi nalmente a importância prática dos “pré-testes e estudos-piloto”. As relações entre o conjunto de informações reunidas no ELSA poderão constituir contribuição original sobre os fatores que causam ou agravam os desfechos de interesse no contexto brasileiro, assim como sobre seus fatores de proteção.
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    Racial inequities in self-rated health across Brazilian cities : does residential segregation play a role?
    (2022) Guimarães, Joanna Miguez Nery; Yamada, Goro; Barber, Sharrelle; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de; Santos, Gervasio; Santos, Isabel; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira; Roux, Ana V. Diez
    Racial health inequities may be partially explained by area-level factors such as residential segregation. In this cross-sectional study, using a large, multiracial, representative sample of Brazilian adults (n = 37,009 individuals in the 27 state capitals; National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde), 2013), we investigated 1) whether individual-level self-rated health (SRH) (fair or poor vs. good or better) varies by race (self-declared White, Brown, or Black) and 2) whether city-level economic or racial residential segregation (using dissimilarity index values in tertiles: low, medium, and high) interacts with race, increasing racial inequities in SRH. Prevalence of fair or poor SRH was 31.5% (Black, Brown, and White people: 36.4%, 34.0%, and 27.3%, respectively). Marginal standardization based on multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and education, showed that Black and Brown people had, respectively, 20% and 10% higher prevalence of fair or poor SRH than did White people. Furthermore, residential segregation interacted with race such that the more segregated a city, the greater the racial gap among Black, Brown, and White people in fair or poor SRH for both income and race segregation. Policies to reduce racial inequities may need to address residential segregation and its consequences for health.
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    The food environment in Latin America : a systematic review with a focus on environments relevant to obesity and related chronic diseases.
    (2019) Pérez Ferrer, Carolina; Auchincloss, Amy H.; Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de; Lobos, Maria Fernanda Kroker; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira; Barrientos Gutierrez, Tonatiuh
    Objective: Food environments may be contributing to the rapid increase in obesity occurring in most Latin American (LA) countries. The present study reviews liter- ature from LA that (i) describes the food environment and policies targeting the food environment (FEP); and (ii) analytic studies that investigate associations between the FEP and dietary behaviours, overweight/obesity and obesity related chronic diseases. We focus on six dimensions of the FEP: food retail, provision, labelling, marketing, price and composition. Design: Systematic literature review. Three databases (Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS) were searched, from 1 January 1999 up to July 2017. Two authors inde- pendently selected the studies. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize, integrate and interpret findings. Setting: Studies conducted in LA countries. Participants: The search yielded 2695 articles of which eighty-four met inclusion criteria. Results: Most studies were descriptive and came from Brazil (61 %), followed by Mexico (18 %) and Guatemala (6 %). Studies were focused primarily on retail/ provision (n 27), marketing (n 16) and labelling (n 15). Consistent associations between availability of fruit and vegetable markets and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables were found in cross-sectional studies. Health claims in food packaging were prevalent and mostly misleading. There was widespread use of marketing strategies for unhealthy foods aimed at children. Food prices were lower for processed relative to fresh foods. Some studies documented high sodium in industrially processed foods. Conclusions: Gaps in knowledge remain regarding policy evaluations, longitudinal food retail studies, impacts of food price on diet and effects of digital marketing on diet/health.