Browsing by Author "Duarte, Tulaci Bhakti Faria"

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    Combining land cover, animal behavior, and master plan regulations to assess landscape permeability for birds.
    (2021) Duarte, Tulaci Bhakti Faria; Pena, João Carlos; Niebuhr, Bernardo Brandão; Sampaio, Juliana; Goulart, Fernando Figueiredo; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de; Ribeiro, Milton Cezar; Itabaiana, Yasmine Antonini
    Cities are new and expanding ecosystems that harbor a variety of habitats with different degrees of permeability to the local fauna. However, the assessment of urban landscape permeability usually considers biotic and abiotic conditions, with sociopolitical dimensions (e.g., zoning regulations) – also important in shaping urban biodi- versity – being underrepresented in the formulation of resistance surfaces. Our main goal was to compare urban landscape permeability for birds between two scenarios: one that considers only species’ responses to land cover for the formulation of resistance surfaces (LandC), and another that incorporates how birds would respond to different levels of occupation (i.e., amount of permeable area and maximum building height per individual lot) given the urban zoning regulations defined by the city’s master plan (LandC + UrbZ). We used the software LSCorridors to simulate Multiple Least Cost Corridors (MLCC) for five forest bird species. We hypothesized that incorporating master plan regulations would better describe the variation on landscape resistance through the urban landscape. The simulations resulted in different MLCC among species and between scenarios, highlighted by differences in landscape permeability. As expected, simulations for scenario LandC resulted in more options for straighter paths than simulations for scenario LandC + UrbZ. Our results demonstrate the potential influences of sociopolitical aspects on landscape permeability modelling. Within cities, species movements are influenced not only by behavioral and environmental characteristics, but also by the urban landscape that was shaped by planning and management decisions throughout a city’s history. Therefore, we emphasize that sociopolitical dimensions must be considered when assessing urban landscape permeability.
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    Does scale matter? The influence of threelevel spatial scales on forest bird occurrence in a tropical landscape.
    (2018) Duarte, Tulaci Bhakti Faria; Goulart, Fernando Figueiredo; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de; Antonini, Yasmine
    Consequences of habitat fragmentation for species occurrence are amongst the most important issues in landscape and conservation ecology. Empirical and theoretical studies have demonstrated that the total amount of habitat, patch size and connectivity have nonlinear effects on species survival on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, population models need to incorporate multiple scales, which can be extremely valuable to prioritizing conservation efforts in these changing landscapes. We tested how the amount and configuration of habitat affect understory bird species occurrence using fine to broadscale habitat features. We used playback to sample birds in 13 Atlantic Forest fragments in Southeast Brazil. Microhabitat, local and regional landscape variables were tested against bird occurrence. Our results demonstrate that different bird species respond to different habitat scales. Sclerurus scansor, Xiphorhynchus fuscus, Automolus leucophthalmus, Drymophila ochropyga, Mackenziaena leachii, and Chiroxiphia caudata were most influenced by tree height and diameter (microhabitat characteristics), S. scansor, F. serrana and Pyriglena leucoptera were most influenced by forest cover and red-edge reflectance(local-scale metrics) and S. scansor, X. fuscus, D. ochropyga, P. leucoptera, F. serrana and M. leachii had area, core area and functional connectivity index (landscape features) as stronger predictors of species occurrence. Small forest fragments acted as corridors and increased overall connectivity of the entire community. The most effective means of maintaining long-term population connectivity of understory birds involves retaining both large and small areas, including forests with different micro-habitat characteristics. No management approach based on a single-scale would benefit all species. Implementing multiscale conservation strategies are necessary for maintaining long-term viability of forest birds on tropical landscapes.
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    Efeito da estrutura da paisagem na conectividade para ocorrência de aves florestais em fragmentos de mata atlântica em um cenário urbano.
    (2017) Duarte, Tulaci Bhakti Faria; Antonini, Yasmine; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de; Antonini, Yasmine; Jacobi, Cláudia Maria; Freitas, Guilherme Henrique Silva de
    A fragmentação das florestas pela ação antrópica tem como consequência a redução de habitat disponível, levando ao declínio da biodiversidade e interrompe processos ecológicos. A urbanização é apontada como umas das principais causas, acarretando em redução da permeabilidade da matriz, e resultando em danos para espécies especialistas em habitats florestais, como alguns grupos de aves. Avaliamos a importância de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica para a manutenção de 10 espécies de aves, com diferentes níveis de sensibilidade a perturbações antrópicas. Avaliamos também a relação entre os fragmentos florestais e os níveis de proteção de cada, a partir da presença de Unidades de Conservação e do Plano Diretor municipal. Nossa hipótese é que a relação entre disponibilidade de habitat relacionada ao tamanho do fragmento e conectividade entre eles, influencia a ocorrências das aves. Para responder a isto, foram selecionados 13 fragmentos florestais na região de Ouro Preto (MG) onde por meio de playback verificou-se a presença/ausência das aves. Modelos mistos generalizados foram criados para análise da estrutura da paisagem, usando as métricas: ÁREA, CORE, ENN, PROX e dIIC, com 16 de 40 modelos significativos, condizendo com dados sobre a história natural destas aves. A paisagem da região apresentou grande conectividade entre os fragmentos. As aves foram encontradas principalmente nos maiores fragmentos, mas fragmentos pequenos com grande proximidade de outros fragmentos também foram possível detectar a presença das espécies de aves. Verificamos que 21 % das áreas florestais estão em Unidade de Conservação, sendo as demais definidas por meio do plano diretor da cidade. Analisando o zoneamento municipal e a perda de florestas dos últimos 15 anos, verificamos a necessidade de que novas Unidades de Conservação sejam definidas para melhoria para a conectividade entre os fragmentos menores e isolados, que se mostraram de grande importância da manutenção de espécies de aves florestais.
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    Preservation of historical heritage increases bird biodiversity in urban centers.
    (2020) Duarte, Tulaci Bhakti Faria; Rossi, Fernanda; Mafia, Pedro de Oliveira; Almeida, Eduardo Franco de; Fujaco, Maria Augusta Gonçalves; Azevedo, Cristiano Schetini de
    Urban expansion negatively infuences biodiversity by eliminating habitats and homogenizing the biotic component, to which many species are unable to respond. However, historical cities, with their protected heritage sites, maintain many fragments of vegetation (gardens, squares, etc.). Such fragments permit the existence of biodiversity, especially of birds, because they provide areas for shelter and food and function as stepping stones that increases the permeability of the urban matrix. We hypothesized that the presence of green areas, such as gardens and parks, would favor greater richness and abundance of bird species, especially omnivores and granivores, during the dry season and in the Historic Center of the city of Ouro Preto. Birds were sampled by point counts at 35 points distributed throughout the urban matrix of Ouro Preto, where richness and abundance were recorded and correlated with land use. Both the presence of green areas and the maintenance of the Historic Center infuenced the bird community present in the urban center, with higher richness in areas with more shrubs and trees and closer to larger forested fragments. Bird abundance was greater in the Historic Center and during the rainy season. These fndings demonstrate that maintaining heritage sites in urban centers can mitigate the expected negative impacts of urbanization by allowing small patches of vegetation to serve as favorable habitats for bird species.