Browsing by Author "Ergul, Adviye"

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    Activation of the ET-1/ETA pathway contributes to erectile dysfunction associated with mineralocorticoid hypertension.
    (2008) Carneiro, Fernando Silva; Nunes, Kenia Pedrosa; Giachini, Fernanda Regina Casagrande; Lima, Victor Vitorino; Carneiro, Zidonia N.; Nogueira, Edson F.; Leite, Romulo; Ergul, Adviye; Rainey, William E.; Webb, Robert Clinton; Tostes, Rita de Cassia Aleixo
    Introduction. The cavernosal tissue is highly responsive to endothelin-1 (ET-1), and penile smooth muscle cells not only respond to but also synthesize ET-1. Aim. Considering that ET-1 is directly involved in end-organ damage in salt-sensitive forms of hypertension, we hypothesized that activation of the ET-1/ETA receptor pathway contributes to erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with mineralocorticoid hypertension. Methods. Wistar rats were uninephrectomized and submitted to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment for 5 weeks. Control (Uni [uninephrectomized control]) animals were uninephrectomized and given tap water. Uni and DOCA-salt rats were simultaneously treated with vehicle or atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist, 5 mg/ Kg/day). Cavernosal reactivity to ET-1, phenylephrine (PE), ETB receptor agonist (IRL-1620) and electric field stimulation (EFS) were evaluated in vitro. Expression of ROCKa, ROCKb, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT-1), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) were evaluated by western blot analysis. ET-1 and ETA receptor mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Voltage-dependent increase in intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) was used to evaluate erectile function in vivo. Main Outcome Measure. ETA receptor blockade prevents DOCA-salt-associated ED. Results. Cavernosal strips from DOCA-salt rats displayed augmented preproET-1 expression, increased contractile responses to ET-1 and decreased relaxation to IRL-1620. Contractile responses induced by EFS and PE were enhanced in cavernosal tissues from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. These functional changes were associated with increased activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase and ERK 1/2 pathways. Treatment of rats with atrasentan completely prevented changes in cavernosal reactivity in DOCA-salt rats and restored the decreased ICP/MAP, completely preventing ED in DOCA-salt rats. Conclusion. Activation of the ET-1/ETA pathway contributes to mineralocorticoid hypertension-associated ED. ETA receptor blockade may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for ED associated with salt-sensitive hypertension and in pathological conditions where increased levels of ET-1 are present.
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    DOCA-salt treatment enhances responses to endothelin-1 in murine corpus cavernosum.
    (2008) Carneiro, Fernando Silva; Giachini, Fernanda Regina Casagrande; Lima, Victor Vitorino; Carneiro, Zidonia N.; Nunes, Kenia Pedrosa; Ergul, Adviye; Leite, Romulo; Tostes, Rita de Cassia Aleixo; Webb, Robert Clinton
    The penis is kept in the flaccid state mainly via a tonic activity of norepinephrine and endothelins (ETs). ET-1 is important in salt-sensitive forms of hypertension. We hypothesized that cavernosal responses to ET-1 are enhanced in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt mice and that blockade of ETA receptors prevents abnormal responses of the corpus cavernosum in DOCA-salt hypertension. Male C57BL/6 mice were unilaterally nephrectomized and treated for 5 weeks with both DOCA and water containing 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl. Control mice were uninephrectomized and received tap water with no added salt. Animals received either the ETA antagonist atrasentan (5 mg·day−1·kg−1 body weight) or vehicle. DOCA-salt mice displayed increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), and treatment with atrasentan decreased SBP in DOCA-salt mice. Contractile responses in cavernosal strips from DOCA-salt mice were enhanced by ET-1, phenylephrine, and electrical field stimulation (EFS) of adrenergic nerves, whereas relaxations were not altered by IRL-1620 (an ETB agonist), acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and EFS of nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves. PD59089 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), but not Y-27632 (a Rho-kinase inhibitor), abolished enhanced contractions to ET-1 in cavernosum from DOCA-salt mice. Treatment of DOCA-salt mice with atrasentan did not normalize cavernosal responses. In summary, DOCA-salt treatment in mice enhances cavernosal reactivity to contractile, but not to relaxant, stimuli, via ET-1/ETA receptor-independent mechanisms.