Browsing by Author "Neves, Frederico de Siqueira"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ant species richness and interactions in canopies of two distinct successional stages in a tropical dry forest.
    (2019) Antoniazzi Júnior, Reuber Lana; Garro, Raphael Neiva de Souza Lima; Cruz, Wesley Francisco Dáttilo da; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira
    Canopy ecology is a fast-growing field, but still a scientific frontier in many ecological aspects. For instance, the hypothesis that tree traits shape patterns in ant-plant interactions lacks data, notably for tropical canopies in different successional stages. In this study, we investigated canopy traits, such as tree height, the presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), connectivity among tree crowns, and successional stage, structure ant-tree interactions in a tropical dry forest (TDF), examining whether these are the determinant factors for ant species richness. We collected ants on trees in early and late successional stages over 2 years, in rainy and dry seasons. In the late successional stage, ant species richness was greater in the taller trees; in the early successional stage, the smallest trees had a greater ant species richness than the taller trees. The EFNs and connectivity among treetops had no effect on ant species richness. We obtained a tree-ant network of the early successional stage, involving 786 interactions among 57 ant species and 75 trees; in the late successional stage, the network had 914 interactions among 60 ant species and 75 trees. There were 27 species of trees in our study, 11 of which (40.7% of all individual trees) had EFNs. The ant-plant interactions were not randomly distributed, suggesting that various biotic factors structured the ant assemblies. This study presents new insightsinto ant-tree interactions, showing that both tree height and successional stage influence the occurrence of many species of ants in tree canopies of tropical dry forests.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Biodiversity and ecosystem services in the campo rupestre : a road map for the sustainability of the hottest Brazilian biodiversity hotspot.
    (2020) Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Garcia, Lucas Arantes; Silva Júnior, Milton Barbosa da; Barbosa, Newton Pimentel de Ulhôa; Batista, Eugênia Kelly Luciano; Silva, Wallace Beiroz Imbrosio da; Resende, Fernando de Moura; Abrahão, Anna; Almada, Emmanuel Duarte; Alves, Elaine; Alves, Natacha J.; Angrisano, Patrícia; Arista, Montserrat; Arroyo, Juan; Arruda, André Jardim; Bahia, Thaíse de Oliveira; Braga, Laura; Brito, Lilian de Almeida; Pereira, Marcos Callisto de Faria; Paiva, Dario Caminha; Carvalho, Marília; Conceição, Abel Augusto; Costa, Lêda Naiara Pereira; Cruz, Antônio Jorge do Rosário; Blum, Jessica Cunha; Dagevos, John; Dias, Braulio Ferreira de Souza; Pinto, Victor Diniz; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Domingos, Daniel Quedes; Andrade, Livia Echternacht; Fernandes, Stephannie; Figueira, José Eugênio Côrtes; Fiorini, Cecília Fonseca; Giulietti, Ana Maria; Gomes, Augusto; Gomes, Vanessa Matos; Gontijo, Bernardo Machado; Goulart, Fernando Figueiredo; Guerra, Tadeu José de Abreu; Junqueira, Patrícia A.; Santos, Débora Lima; Nascimento, Julia Marques; Meira Neto, João Augusto Alves; Miola, Deise T. B.; Morellato, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira; Negreiros, Daniel; Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de; Neves, Ana Carolina; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Novais, Samuel Matos Antunes de; Oki, Yumi; Oliveira, Elizabeth; Oliveira, Rafael Silva; Pivari, Marco Otávio Dias; Pontes Junior, Euripedes; Ranieri, Bernardo Dourado; Ribas, Rodrigo Pinheiro; Scariot, Aldicir Osni; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud; Sena, Letícia; Silva, Pedro Giovâni da; Siqueira, Paulo Ricardo; Soares, Natalia Costa; Soares Filho, Britaldo Silveira; Solar, Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro; Tabarelli, Marcelo; Vasconcellos, Rogério Pinto; Vilela, Evaldo Ferreira; Silveira, Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e
    Global sustainability rests on a myriad of benefits provided by natural ecosystems that support human livelihoods and well-being, from biodiversity persistence to climate regulation. The undeniable importance of conserving tropical forests has drawn most of the conservation spotlight towards it. However, open ecosystems such as the Brazilian Campo Rupestre (rupestrian grassland), have been historically overlooked despite their high diversity and key associated ecosystem services. We highlight major current threats to the persistence of the Campo Rupestre emphasizing its ecological, social, cultural, geoenvironmental, and economic importance. We call attention to the importance of the Campo Rupestre as a reservoir of biodiversity and ecosystem services and offer priority actions that resulted from discussions involving scientists, industry representatives, environmental managers, and other members of civil society. Proposed actions include efforts related to ecological restoration, sustainable ecotourism, protection of traditional ecological knowledge, identification of emerging research questions, and development of tailored public policies. Such issues are integrated into a framework that collectively represents a road map to safeguard the Campo Rupestre from further degradation and steer its historical overexploitation towards sustainable management. Safeguarding the future of non-forest biomes like this poses a challenge to current paradigms of nature conservation. By establishing priorities and guidelines, we propose an actionable plan, which we hope can support informed decision-making policy towards a sustainable use of the Campo Rupestre.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Compositional changes in bee and wasp communities along Neotropical mountain altitudinal gradient.
    (2017) Perillo, Lucas Neves; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Itabaiana, Yasmine Antonini; Martins, Rogério Parentoni
    Climate conditions tend to differ along an altitudinal gradient, resulting in some species groups' patterns of lower species richness with increasing altitude. While this pattern is well understood for tropical mountains, studies investigating possible determinants of variation in beta-diversity at its different altitudes are scarce. We sampled bee and wasp communities (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) along an altitudinal gradient (1,000±2,000 m.a.s.l.) in a tropical mountainous region of Brazil. Trap nests and Moericke traps were established at six sampling points, with 200 m difference in altitude between each point. We obtained average climate data (1970±2000) from Worldclim v2 for altitudes at each sampling site. Nest traps captured 17 bee and wasp species from six families, and Moericke traps captured 124 morphospecies from 13 families. We found a negative correlation between altitude and species richness and abundance. Temperature, precipitation, water vapor pressure, and wind speed influenced species richness and abundance, and were correlated with altitude. β- diversity was primarily determined by species turnover as opposed to nestedness, and Aculeate community similarity was higher for more similar altitudinal ranges. Moericke traps seem to be more efficient for altitudinal surveys compared to nest traps. We found high occurrence of singleton and doubleton species at all altitudes, highlighting the need for longterm studies to efficiently assess hymenopteran diversity in these environments.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Consequences of tropical dry forest conversion on diaspore fate of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae).
    (2021) Moreira, Patrícia de Abreu; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Segura, Jorge Arturo Lobo
    Habitat conversion is one of the major threats for biodiversity conservation and viability of natural populations. Thus, habitat disturbance alters distinct ecological processes, such as plant reproductive success and diaspore fate. In this study, we determined the effects of seasonally tropical dry forests (STDFs) conversion by anthropogenic disturbance by assessing diaspore fate of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. We compared 20 adult trees present in a STDFs preserved area and 20 adult trees present in a human-converted area. In general, diaspore fates from both areas were similar, i.e., there was no difference in the reproductive success of trees in STDFs and human-converted area. Habitat disturbance did not affect the length or width of fruits; only fruit thickness was larger in trees of STDFs habitat. None of the biometric seed measures differed between different habitat conditions. Likewise, the number of undamaged seeds, aborted seeds, pre-dispersal predated seeds, and seed production were independent of habitat conditions. Besides, we did not observe any effect of habitat disturbance on germination percentage. However, seeds from preserved STDFs germinated faster than seeds from the human-converted area. Even though the effects of human-modified habitats on the diaspore fate have already been studied, tree species exhibit different responses to habitat conversion regarding seed predation, seed dispersal, seed germination, and seedling establishment. Overall, our results show that habitat disturbance does not affect the diaspore fate of E. contortisiliquum. This study also highlights the importance of remnants trees in converted landscapes as the population’s connectors which maintain plant– animal mutualistic and antagonistic interactions that mitigate the effects of habitat disturbance.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Contrasting effects of sampling scale on insect herbivores distribution in response to canopy structure.
    (2013) Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Sperber, Carlos Frankl; Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Soares, Janaina Pizzatti
    Species diversity of insect herbivores associated to canopy may vary local and geographically responding to distinct factors at different spatial scales. The aim of this study was to investigate how forest canopy structure affects insect herbivore species richness and abundance depending on feeding guilds´ specificities. We tested the hypothesis that habitat structure affects insect herbivore species richness and abundance differently to sap-sucking and chewing herbivore guilds. Two spatial scales were evaluated: inside tree crowns (fine spatial scale) and canopy regions (coarse spatial scale). In three sampling sites we measured 120 tree crowns, grouped in five points with four contiguous tree crowns. Insects were sampled by beating method from each crown and data were summed up for analyzing each canopy region. In crowns (fine spatial scale) we measured habitat structure: trunk circumference, tree height, canopy depth, number of ramifications and maximum ramification level. In each point, defined as a canopy region (coarse spatial scale), we measured habitat structure using a vertical cylindrical transect: tree species richness, leaf area, sum of strata heights and maximum canopy height. A principal component analysis based on the measured variables for each spatial scale was run to estimate habitat structure parameters. To test the effects of habitat structure upon herbivores, different general linear models were adjusted using the first two principal components as explanatory variables. Sap-sucking insect species richness and all herbivore abundances increased with size of crown at fine spatial scale. On the other hand, chewer species richness and abundance increased with resource quantity at coarse scale. Feeding specialization, resources availability, and agility are discussed as ecological causes of the found pattern.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre : a neglected conservation priority.
    (2016) Silveira, Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e; Negreiros, Daniel; Barbosa, Newton Pimentel de Ulhôa; Buisson, Elise; Carmo, Flávio Fonseca do; Carstensen, Daniel Wisbech; Conceição, Abel Augusto; Cornelissen, Tatiana Garabini; Andrade, Livia Echternacht; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Garcia, Queila de Souza; Guerra, Tadeu José de Abreu; Jacobi, Cláudia Maria; Lemos Filho, José Pires de; Stradic, Soizig Le; Morellato, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Oliveira, Rafael Silva; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud; Viana, Pedro Lage; Lambers, Hans
    Background Botanists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists are familiar with the astonishing species richness and endemism of the fynbos of the Cape Floristic Region and the ancient and unique flora of the kwongkan of south-western Australia. These regions represent old climatically-buffered infertile landscapes (OCBILs) that are the basis of a general hypothesis to explain their richness and endemism. However, few ecologists are familiar with the campo rupestre of central and eastern Brazil, an extremely old mountaintop ecosystem that is both a museum of ancient lineages and a cradle of continuing diversification of endemic lineages.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    How much leaf area do insects eat? : a data set of insect herbivory sampled globally with a standardized protocol.
    (2021) Mendes, Gisele Medeiros; Silveira, Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e; Oliveira, Carolina Santos de; Cruz, Wesley Francisco Dáttilo da; Guevara, Roger; Ruiz Guerra, Betsabé; Castro, Maria Gabriela Boaventura de; Naidoo, Sershen; Ramdhani, Syd; Phartyal, Shyam S.; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Pinto, Victor Diniz; Vasconcelos, Heraldo Luis de; Leon, Richard Tito; Pereira, Cássio Cardoso; Barbosa, Bárbara de Carvalho; Carvalho, Gabriel Martins de; Val, Ek del; Buisson, Elise; Arruda, André Jardim; Toth, Jean Baptiste; Roque, Fabio de Oliveira; Souza, Allan Henrique de Almeida; Bolzan, Fabio; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Belisário, Juliana Kuchenbecker; Ferreira, Guilherme Ramos Demetrio; Santos, Luziene Seixas dos; Romero, Gustavo Quevedo; Omena, Paula Munhoz de; Silva, Jhonathan de Oliveira; Paolucci, Lucas Navarro; Queiroz, Elenir; Ooi, Mark K. J.; Mills, Charlotte H.; Gerhold, Pille; Merzin, Anne; Massante, Jhonny Capichoni; Aguilar, Ramiro; Carbone, Lucas M.; Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Gomes, Inácio José de Melo Teles e; Neves, Gabriela Zorzal; Solar, Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro; Ramos, Letícia; Sobrinho, Tathiana Guerra; Pereira, Pedro Sanders; Cornelissen, Tatiana Garabini
    Herbivory is ubiquitous. Despite being a potential driver of plant distribution and performance, herbivory remains largely undocumented. Some early attempts have been made to review, globally, how much leaf area is removed through insect feeding. Kozlov et al., in one of the most comprehensive reviews regarding global patterns of herbivory, have compiled published studies regarding foliar removal and sampled data on global herbivory levels using a standardized protocol. However, in the review by Kozlov et al., only 15 sampling sites, comprising 33 plant species, were evaluated in tropical areas around the globe. In Brazil, which ranks first in terms of plant biodiversity, with a total of 46,097 species, almost half (43%) being endemic, a single data point was sampled, covering only two plant species. In an attempt to increase knowledge regarding herbivory in tropical plant species and to provide the raw data needed to test general hypotheses related to plant–herbivore interactions across large spatial scales, we proposed a joint, collaborative network to evaluate tropical herbivory. This network allowed us to update and expand the data on insect herbivory in tropical and temperate plant species. Our data set, collected with a standardized protocol, covers 45 sampling sites from nine countries and includes leaf herbivory measurements of 57,239 leaves from 209 species of vascular plants belonging to 65 families from tropical and temperate regions. They expand previous data sets by including a total of 32 sampling sites from tropical areas around the globe, comprising 152 species, 146 of them being sampled in Brazil. For temperate areas, it includes 13 sampling sites, comprising 59 species. Thus, when compared to the most recent comprehensive review of insect herbivory (Kozlov et al.), our data set has increased the base of available data for the tropical plants more than 460% (from 33 to 152 species) and the Brazilian sampling was increased 7,300% (from 2 to 146 species). Data on precise levels of herbivory are presented for more than 57,000 leaves worldwide. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this paper when using the current data in publications; the authors request to be informed how the data is used in the publications.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Influência de fatores abióticos na distribuição, alometria, parâmetros foliares e herbivoria em duas populações de Lychnophora Ericoides Mart. (Arnica).
    (2011) Barbosa, Juliana Silveira; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Sousa, Hildeberto Caldas de
    A história de vida das espécies de plantas e suas interações com as características do substrato são determinantes para variações químicas e outras características foliares, especialmente aquelas relacionados aos produtos do metabolismo secundário. Lychnophora ericoides, conhecida popularmente como "arnica", é uma planta medicinal endêmica dos campos rupestres no Brasil. O potencial bioterápico desta espécie está relacionado com as populações que contêm perfume em suas folhas, segundo a sabedoria popular. Assim, em virtude das propriedades fitoquímicas atribuída às suas folhas, a coleta indiscriminada está colocando suas populações à beira da extinção. Populações de L. ericoides aromáticas e não aromáticas ocorrentes na Serra do Ouro Branco-MG foram investigadas neste trabalho. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência das características abióticas e de elementos químicos presentes no substrato de cada área, na composição química das plantas, bem como nas demandas evolutivas do crescimento individual e predadores naturais. Assim, dentro da área de ocorrência de cada população, folhas e solo de N indivíduos foram coletados aleatoriamente. Estas amostras foram tratadas com digestão multiácida e analisadas por ICP-OES para medir as concentrações de elementos químicos (total e na fração não silicática). Foi mensurado o tamanho das partículas do solo, pH, umidade, condutividade hidráulica, concentração de matéria orgânica e N e P disponível. Também foi medido o crescimento das plantas e a arquitetura. Das folhas também foram medidas a percentagem de danos causados por herbivoria e a concentração total de N e P. Além disso, foram extraídos os óleos essenciais e identificada a sua composição através de análise cromatográfica. Analisou-se se as duas áreas se separam em termos de elementos químicos usando a análise de componentes principais (PCA), a fim de avaliar se essas espécies estão crescendo em substratos com formações químicas diferentes. De fato, a população aromática cresce em um substrato com maior capacidade de retenção de água, maior concentração de macro e micronutrientes, matéria orgânica e N, se comparado com a população não aromática. Provavelmente como consequência dessa maior concentração de nutrientes no substrato, estas plantas investiram mais em compostos químicos que funcionam como uma defesa eficaz contra os insetos herbívoros. Com efeito, as taxas de herbivoria na folha foram menores na população aromática do que na população não aromática. A aromática apresentou maior quantidade de óleo essencial, bem como foram observadas diferenças na composição dos óleos de uma população para outra. O polimorfismo de óleo essencial extraído das duas populações sugere a existência de ecótipos de L. ericoides. As adaptações genéticas à diversidade de substratos em que as populações desta espécie estão crescendo podem explicar este polimorfismo, o que resultaria em uma diferença qualitativa no perfil fitoquímico da planta, e assim, em seus aromas e bioatividade. Estes resultados são de grande interesse para a gestão e conservação de espécies frente a um crescente impacto antrópico sobre espécies medicinais de habitats montano.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas.
    (2020) Cruz, Wesley Francisco Dáttilo da; Chávez, Nathalia Barrozo; Lira Noriega, Andrés; Guevara, Roger; Villalobos, Fabricio; Santiago Alarcon, Diego; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Izzo, Thiago Junqueira; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes
    Traditionally, most studies have described the organization of host–parasite interaction networks by considering only few host groups at limited geographical extents. However, host–parasite relationships are merged within different taxonomic groups and factors shaping these interactions likely differ between host and parasite groups, making group-level differences important to better understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these interactive communities. 2. Here we used a dataset of 629 ectoparasite species and 251 species of terrestrial mammals, comprising 10 orders distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions of Mexico to assess the species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Specifically, we evaluated whether body weight, geographical range size and within-range mammal species richness (i.e. diversity field) predict mammal ectoparasite species richness (i.e. degree centrality) and their closeness centrality within the mammal–ectoparasite network. In addition, we also tested if the observed patterns differ among mammal orders and if taxonomic closely related host mammals could more likely share the same set of ectoparasites. 3. We found that ectoparasite species richness of small mammals (mainly rodents) with large proportional range sizes was high compared to large-bodied mammals, whereas the diversity field of mammals had no predictive value (except for bats). We also observed that taxonomic proximity was a main determinant of the probability to share ectoparasite species. Specifically, the probability to share ectoparasites in congeneric species reached up to 90% and decreased exponentially as the taxonomic distance increased. 4. Further, we also detected that some ectoparasites are generalists and capable to infect mammalian species across different orders and that rodents have a remarkable role in the network structure, being closely connected to many other taxa. 5. Hence, because many rodent species have synanthropic habits they could act as undesired reservoirs of disease agents for humans and urban animals. Considering the reported worldwide phenomenon of the proliferation of rodents accompanying the demographic decrease or even local extinction of large-bodied mammal species, these organisms may already be an increasing health threat in many regions of the world.