Browsing by Author "Pinho, Vanessa"

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    Aerobic training reduces immune cell recruitment and cytokine levels in adipose tissue in obese mice.
    (2018) Lacerda, Débora Romualdo; Moraes, Michele Macedo; Silva, Albená Nunes da; Costa, Kátia Anunciação; Rodrigues, Débora Fernandes; Sabino, Josiana Lopes; Cordeiro, Letícia Maria de Souza; Pinho, Vanessa; Teixeira, Mauro Martins; Wanner, Samuel Penna; Soares, Danusa Dias; Ferreira, Adaliene Versiani Matos
    Obesity is associated with an energy imbalance that results from excessive energy intake, low diet quality and a sedentary lifestyle. In this regard, the increased consumption of a high-refined carbohydrate diet (HC) is strongly related to higher adiposity and low-grade inflammation. Aerobic training is a well-known non-pharmacological intervention to treat obesity and metabolic disturbances. However, the mechanisms through which aerobic training ameliorates the low-grade inflammation induced by the HC diet need to be further investigated. Herein, our hypothesis was that aerobic training would decrease the recruitment of leukocytes in the adipose tissue thereby reducing the levels of cytokines and improving metabolism in mice fed the HC diet. Male Balb/c were assigned to the following groups: control non-trained (C-NT), control trained (C-T), HC-NT and HC-T. Mice were submitted to moderate-intensity training sessions that consisted of running 60 min/day for 8 weeks. The intravital microscopy technique was performed in vivo in anesthetized mice to visualize the microvasculature of the adipose tissue. The HC diet induced obesity and increased the influx of immune cells into the adipose tissue. In contrast, HC-T mice presented a lower adiposity and adipocyte area. Furthermore, HC-T mice showed an increased resting energy expenditure, a decreased recruitment of immune cells in the adipose tissue, reduced cytokine levels, and ameliorated hyperglycemia and fatty liver deposition relative to HC-NT mice. Collectively, our data enhance the understanding about the antiinflammatory effect of aerobic training and shed light on the adipose tissue-mediated mechanisms by which training promotes a healthier metabolic profile.
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    Mechanisms underlying fat pad remodeling induced by fasting : role of PAF receptor.
    (2019) Lacerda, Débora Romualdo; Soares, Danusa Dias; Costa, Kátia Anunciação; Silva, Albená Nunes da; Rodrigues, Débora Fernandes; Sabino, Josiana Lopes; Silveira, Ana Letícia Malheiros; Pinho, Vanessa; Vieira, Érica Leandro Marciano; Menezes, Gustavo Batista; Antunes, Maísa Mota; Teixeira, Mauro Martins; Ferreira, Adaliene Versiani Matos
    Objectives: Fasting has long been practiced for political and religious reasons and to lose weight. However, biological responses during fasting have yet to be fully understood. Previous studies have shown that cytokines may control fat pad expansion, at least in part, owing to the induction of lipolysis. Indeed, we have previously shown that mice with a lower inflammatory response, such as platelet-activating factor receptor knockout mice (PAFR / ), are prone to gain weight and adiposity. The aims of this study were to determine whether adipose tissue becomes inflamed after fasting and to evaluate whether the PAF signaling is a fator in the fat loss induced by fasting. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and PAFR / mice were fasted for 24 h. Adiposity, leukocyte recruitment, and cytokine levels were evaluated. Multiple comparisons were performed using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Fisher exact test. Results: After fasting, male WT mice showed lower adiposity (P < 0.001), higher recruitment of immune cells (P < 0.001), and increased cytokine levels (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue. Although WT mice lost ~79% of their adipose tissue mass, PAFR / mice lost only 36%. Additionally, PAFR / mice did not show enhanced cytokine and chemokine levels after fasting (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Despite low-grade inflammation being associated with metabolic syndrome, at least in part, the inflammatory milieu is also important to induce proper fat mobilization and remodeling of adipose tissue.
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    Oral formulation of Angiotensin-(1-7) promotes therapeutic actions in a model of eosinophilic and meutrophilic asthma.
    (2021) Magalhães, Giselle Santos; Gregório, Juliana Fabiana; Ribeiro, Arthur Tonani Pereira Cançado; Baroni, Isis Felippe; Vasconcellos, Ana Victoria de Oliveira; Nakashima, Gabriela Pansanato; Oliveira, Isabel Fusaro Aguiar; Matos, Natália Alves de; Castro, Thalles de Freitas; Bezerra, Frank Silva; Sinisterra, Ruben Dario; Pinho, Vanessa; Teixeira, Mauro Martins; Santos, Robson Augusto Souza dos; Machado, Maria da Glória Rodrigues; Santos, Maria José Campagnole dos
    The presence of eosinophils and neutrophils in the lungs of asthmatic patients is associated with the severity of the disease and resistance to corticosteroids. Thus, defective resolution of eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation is importantly related to exacerbation of asthma. In this study, we investigated a therapeutic action of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) in a model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Balb-c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Twentythree hours after the last OVA challenge, experimental groups received LPS, and 1 h and 7 h later, mice were treated with oral formulation of Ang-(1-7). On the next day, 45 h after the last challenge with OVA, mice were subjected to a test of motor and exploratory behavior; 3 h later, lung function was evaluated, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected. Motor and exploratory activities were lower in OVA + LPSchallenged mice. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) improved these behaviors, normalized lung function, and reduced eosinophil, neutrophil, myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO), and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2) in the lungs. In addition, Ang-(1-7) decreased the deposition of mucus and extracellular matrix in the airways. These results extended those of previous studies by demonstrating that oral administration of Ang-(1-7) at the peak of pulmonary inflammation can be valuable for the treatment of neutrophil- and eosinophil-mediated asthma. Therefore, these findings potentially provide a new drug to reverse the natural history of the disease, unlike the current standards of care that manage the disease symptoms at best.
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    Role of adipose tissue inflammation in fat pad loss induced by fasting in lean and mildly obese mice.
    (2019) Lacerda, Débora Romualdo; Costa, Kátia Anunciação; Silveira, Ana Letícia Malheiros; Rodrigues, Débora Fernandes; Silva, Albená Nunes da; Sabino, Josiana Lopes; Pinho, Vanessa; Menezes, Gustavo Batista; Soares, Danusa Dias; Teixeira, Mauro Martins; Ferreira, Adaliene Versiani Matos
    Inflammation induced by obesity contributes to insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Indeed, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines trigger chronic lowgrade inflammation and promote detrimental metabolic effects in the adipose tissue. On the other hand, inflammation seems to control fat pad expansion and to have important functions on lipolysis and glucose metabolism. Thus, it is possible that inflammation may also drive fat pad loss, as seen during long-fast periods. Herein, we have used fasting as a strategy to induce weight loss and evaluate the possible role of inflammation on adipose tissue remodeling. Male BALB-c mice were fed with chow diet (lean mice) or with high-carbohydrate refined diet (mildly obese mice) for 8 weeks. After that, animals were subjected to 24 h of fasting. There was a 63% reduction of adiposity in lean mice following fasting. Furthermore, the adipose tissue was enriched of immune cells and had a higher content of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, TGF-β and CXCL-1. Interestingly, mildly obese mice, subjected to the same 24-h fasting period, lost only 33% of their adiposity. Following fasting, these mice did not show any increment in leukocyte recruitment and cytokine levels, as did lean mice. Our findings indicate that inflammation participates in fat mass loss induced by fasting. Although the chronic low-grade inflammation seen in obesity is associated with metabolic diseases, a lower inflammatory response triggered by fasting in mildly obese mice impairs fat pad mobilization.
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    A single bout of fatiguing aerobic exercise induces similar pronounced immunological responses in both sexes.
    (2022) Lobo, Lázaro Fernandes; Morais, Mariana Gomes de; Barbosa, Lucas Soares Marcucci; Martins Junior, Francisco de Assis Dias; Avelar, Luíza Martino; Vieira, Erica Leandro Marciano; Martins, Felipe José Aidar; Wanner, Samuel Penna; Silva, Lucélia Scarabeli; Noman, Maria Clara; Camargos, Bruno Muzzi; Freitas, Kátia Michelle; Gonçalves, William Antonio; Pinho, Vanessa; Silva, Albená Nunes da
    Introduction: Physical exercise can acutely and chronically modulate immunological responses. Women and men have different innate and adaptive immune responses, and in this sense, these two groups may also have different acute immunological responses induced by exercise. In addition, it is essential to understand further whether the effects of physical exercise on the immune system responses depend on sex because limited scientific evidence on this topic is available. This information may allow athletes and coaches to improve the training process, mainly to understand if the physiological impact of given training stimuli in women is similar to that in men. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects of continuous submaximal exercise until fatigue on physiological and immunological parameters in amateur female and male runners. Methods: This study included 18 female and 15 male volunteers. Each participant visited the laboratory on four consecutive days. The first visit consisted of medical history taking and explaining the study design. On the second visit, the participants were subjected to an incremental test to determine their maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) that was required to prescribe the intensity of the submaximal exercise protocol. On the third visit, the fatiguing exercise protocol was performed at 77%–80% of the VO2max. During this submaximal exercise, the heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were recorded. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1 h after the fatiguing protocol to analyze the plasma levels of cytokines and creatine kinase (CK) and to count leukocytes. Finally, on the fourth visit, the participants underwent physical evaluations to measure their body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging. Results: The average ages of the female and male groups were 34.2 ± 3.7 and 30.5 ± 4.3 years old, respectively. The female group ran 57 ± 27 min, while the male group ran 52 ± 15 min before fatiguing. In the female group, when comparing before and after the submaximal exercise, marked increases were observed in the following variables: heart rate (from 68.5 to 180.4 bpm), RPE (from 3.6 to 8.2), lactate (from 2.1 to 4.49 mmol/L), and CK (from 89.5 to 126.3 U/L). In addition, the female group showed an increased number of total leukocytes (from 7222.3 to 11162.9 × 106 /μl), neutrophils (from 4,403 to 6,480 × 106 /μl), and lymphocytes (from 2,342 ± to 3,562 × 106 /μl) from pre- to post-submaximal exercise. In the male group, similar elevations in psychophysiological variables were observed, as evidenced by comparing the heart rate (from 52.8 to 184.1 bpm), RPE (from 0.0 to 8.9), lactate (from 2.7 to 7.2 mmol/L), and CK (from 106.2 to 165 U/L) before and after the submaximal exercise. The male group also showed an augmented number of total leukocytes (from 6,245 to 8,050 × 106 /μl), neutrophils (from 3,335 to 4,128 × 106 /), and lymphocytes (from 2,191 to 3,212 × 106 /μl) when comparing pre- and post-submaximal exercise. There were no differences in the changes between women and men for these parameters. Conclusion: The aerobically fatiguing exercise protocol induced pronounced changes in the heart rate, plasma levels of lactate and CK, total leukocyte count, especially the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, in both sexes. The fatiguing exercise protocol also changed the plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the female and male groups. Under the present conditions, the physiological changes induced by fatiguing submaximal exercise, including the immunological changes, were not influenced by sex. This study shows that the same aerobic physical exercise can alter immunological parameters in women and men, and this response is similar between sexes.