Browsing by Author "Silva, Jaime Costa da"

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    Epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Montes Claros Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
    (2003) Silva, João Carlos França da; Costa, Roberto Teodoro da; Siqueira, Ari M.; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Costa, Carlos Alberto da; Mayrink, Wilson; Vieira, Edvá P.; Silva, Jaime Costa da
    The Montes Claros City is located in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniosis in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil.With the implementation of a program for the control of visceral leishmaniosis in 1994, a sectional study was carried out to evaluate the infection by viscerotropic Leishmania in the population of dogs from Montes Claros, basically using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Blood samples were collected on filter paper from 33,937 dogs, representing 96.1% of the canine local population. The prevalence for visceral leishmaniosis was found to be 9.7% in the municipality, being 9.9% in the urban area and 8.8% in the rural area. The annual incidence showed to be 64.3/1000 dogs. Prevalence of infection was not correlated with dogs age. The most affected breeds were: Boxer (24.6%) and Cocker (26.9%); Mongrel dogs had a prevalence of 7.8%. Short-hair animals had a prevalence of 11.9%, while long-furred animals had a prevalence of 8.9%. The isoenzymatic profile indicated that Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi was the visceral leishmaniosis etiological agent in Montes Claros City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The main geographical areas for the parasite transmission were identified, and control measures were immediately started. The role of the dog as a reservoir for L. chagasi was confirmed. It was demonstrated that short-furred animals are at a higher risk of acquiring visceral leishmaniosis than the long-furred dogs.
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    Incidência de tuberculose pulmonar na população indígena Xakriabá, Minas Gerais.
    (2019) Marinho, Carolina Coimbra; Sales, Maria Lilian; Pereira, Rodrigo Pastor Alves; Ribeiro, Simone Rodrigues; Moreira, Anderson Davi; Costa, André Tetzl; Silva, Jaime Costa da; Teixeira, Luiz Fernando de Medeiros; Ribeiro, Gustavo Meirelles; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado
    Introdução: a população indígena brasileira permanece vulnerável à tuberculose pulmonar (TB). Objetivo: relatar a incidência de (TB) na população indígena Xakriabá (N=7.046) residente em Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2011. Métodos: sintomáticos respiratórios foram identificados através de busca ativa por agentes comunitários de saúde indígena treinados. A TB foi investigada pelo exame clínico, baciloscopia e cultura de amostras de escarro dos sujeitos sintomáticos. A identificação de espécies pela sonda PRAhsp65 e o teste de sensibilidade a quimioterápicos foram realizados nas amostras positivas. Resultados: amostras de escarro de 273 de 315 sintomáticos respiratórios foram examinadas. 176 pessoas (70 homens, 10 a 86 anos) foram examinadas. Uma amostra teve baciloscopia positiva e quatro foram positivas para Mycobacterium tuberculosis em cultura (incidência: 56,8/100mil hab). Conclusões: a incidência de TB na população Xakriabá (56,8/100mil hab) é maior que a da população geral no Brasil.
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    Prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni in indigenous Maxakali villages, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
    (2018) Nacife, Maria Beatriz Pena e Silva Leite; Siqueira, Liliane Maria Vidal; Martins, Rafael; Vianna, Valeska Natiely; Barbosa, Keila Furbino; Masioli, Cássio Zumerle; Silva, Jaime Costa da; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado
    Intestinal parasitic infections are a common health problem among Amerindian populations and schistosomiasis represents one of the most prevalent diseases in Maxakali people. The Kato-Katz is the diagnostic method recommended by WHO for epidemiological studies; however, one of the technique’s limitations is the failure to detect parasites in individuals with low parasite load. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in indigenous Maxakali villages, evaluating the TF-Test® performance for diagnosis compared to the Kato-Katz technique. Stool samples from 545 individuals were processed by the TF-Test® (1 sample) and Kato-Katz (1 slide). The positivity rate for S. mansoni by Kato-Katz was 45.7%. The rate by the TF-Test® was 33.2%, and 51.9% by the combined parasitological techniques. The amplitude of parasite load was 24 to 4,056 eggs per gram of feces (epg), with a geometric mean of 139 epg. The co-positivity, co-negativity, and accuracy values by TF-Test® in relation to Kato-Katz were 59.0%, 88.5%, and 75.0%, respectively. The agreement between these techniques was moderate (k=0.486) as determined by the kappa index. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated that the performance of Kato-Katz was superior (p <0.05) to that of TF-Test® in the detection of S. mansoni. The combination of TF-Test® and Kato-Katz resulted in an increased positivity rate of S. mansoni, demonstrating the high risk of infection to which indigenous populations are exposed and the importance of the implementation of control strategies in Maxakali villages.
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    Ultrasound evaluation of schistosomiasis-related morbidity among the Xakriabá people in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
    (2020) Marinho, Carolina Coimbra; Nicolato, Aline Joice Pereira Gonçalves; Reis, Vivian Walter dos; Santos, Rosiane Cristina dos; Silva, Jaime Costa da; Faria, Henrique Pereira; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado
    Objective: To use ultrasound to investigate the morbidity related to schistosomiasis in the Xakriabá indigenous population. Materials and Methods: This was a field-based census study conducted in the territory of the Xakriabá people. A total of 166 individuals were invited, and 148 (≤ 77 years of age) agreed to participate. Most participants underwent abdominal ultrasound, physical examination, and stool examination. Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used for comparisons. We determined risk by calculating odds ratio (OR) and performed logistic regression analysis. Results: Schistosoma mansoni eggs were found in 31 (26.7%) of the 116 stool samples examined, 22 (70.9%) of the 31 being from individuals 4–16 years of age. The median count was 144 eggs/g of feces (interquartile range, 264). Of the 105 participants examined with ultrasound, 68 (64.8%) had hepatomegaly (left lobe), 6 (5.7%) had splenomegaly, and 4 (3.8%) had portal hypertension. Egg-positive stool samples were more common in those with an enlarged left lobe (OR = 3.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–11.2; p = 0.043). Periportal fibrosis was found in 30 participants (28.6%), of whom 9 (30%) had pattern C, 10 (33.3%) had pattern D, and 11 (36.7%) had pattern Dc. Age was the only independent risk factor for fibrosis (p = 0.007). Fibrosis was up to nine-fold more common in alcohol drinkers than in nondrinkers (OR = 9.28; 95% CI: 2.60–33.06; p < 0.001). Among the 138 participants in whom the clinical form was classified, the chronic hepatic form was identified in 54 (39.1%), of whom 32 (59.2%) were under 30 years of age and one (1.8%) was hepatosplenic. Conclusion: Schistosomiasis in the Xakriabá population is characterized by a high frequency of egg-positive stool samples, predominantly in children/adolescents, and by chronic hepatic form in the young, especially among alcohol drinkers.