Realization of rectangular artificial spin ice and direct observation of high energy topology.
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2017
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Abstract
In this work, we have constructed and experimentally investigated frustrated arrays of dipoles forming
two-dimensional artificial spin ices with different lattice parameters (rectangular arrays with horizontal
and vertical lattice spacings denoted by a and b respectively). Arrays with three different aspect ratios
γ = a/b = 2, 3 and 4 are studied. Theoretical calculations of low-energy demagnetized configurations
for these same parameters are also presented. Experimental data for demagnetized samples confirm
most of the theoretical results. However, the highest energy topology (doubly-charged monopoles) does
not emerge in our theoretical model, while they are seen in experiments for large enough γ. Our results
also insinuate that the string tension connecting two magnetic monopoles in a pair vanishes in rectangular
lattices with a critical ratio γ = γc = 3, supporting previous theoretical predictions.
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RIBEIRO, I. R. B. et al. Realization of rectangular artificial spin ice and direct observation of high energy topology. Scientific Reports, v. 7, p. 13982, 2017. Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14421-w>. Acesso em: 15 fev. 2019.