Peptide vaccines for leishmaniasis.
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Date
2018
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Abstract
Due to an increase in the incidence of leishmaniases worldwide, the development of new
strategies such as prophylactic vaccines to prevent infection and decrease the disease
have become a high priority. Classic vaccines against leishmaniases were based on
live or attenuated parasites or their subunits. Nevertheless, the use of whole parasite
or their subunits for vaccine production has numerous disadvantages. Therefore, the
use of Leishmania peptides to design more specific vaccines against leishmaniases
seems promising. Moreover, peptides have several benefits in comparison with other
kinds of antigens, for instance, good stability, absence of potentially damaging materials,
antigen low complexity, and low-cost to scale up. By contrast, peptides are poor
immunogenic alone, and they need to be delivered correctly. In this context, several
approaches described in this review are useful to solve these drawbacks. Approaches,
such as, peptides in combination with potent adjuvants, cellular vaccinations, adenovirus,
polyepitopes, or DNA vaccines have been used to develop peptide-based vaccines.
Recent advancements in peptide vaccine design, chimeric, or polypeptide vaccines and
nanovaccines based on particles attached or formulated with antigenic components
or peptides have been increasingly employed to drive a specific immune response.
In this review, we briefly summarize the old, current, and future stands on peptide-based
vaccines, describing the disadvantages and benefits associated with them. We also propose
possible approaches to overcome the related weaknesses of synthetic vaccines
and suggest future guidelines for their development.
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Keywords
Tegumentary leishmaniases, Peptide-based vaccines, Chimeric vaccine, Visceral leishmaniasis, Polypeptide vaccines
Citation
BRITO, R. C. F. de et al. Peptide vaccines for leishmaniasis. Frontiers in Immunology, v. 9, p. 1043, maio 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5958606/pdf/fimmu-09-01043.pdf>. Acesso em: 20 fev. 2019.