A sensor for spirometric feedback in ventilation maneuvers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.
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Date
2019
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Abstract
This work proposes adapting an existing sensor and embedding it on mannequins used in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to accurately measure the amount of air supplied to
the lungs during ventilation. Mathematical modeling, calibration, and validation of the sensor along
with metrology, statistical inference, and spirometry techniques were used as a base for aquiring
scientific knowledge of the system. The system directly measures the variable of interest (air volume)
and refers to spirometric techniques in the elaboration of its model. This improves the realism of
the dummies during the CPR training, because it estimates, in real-time, not only the volume of air
entering in the lungs but also the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEVt)
and Medium Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF20–75%). The validation of the sensor achieved results that
address the requirements for this application, that is, the error below 3.4% of full scale. During the
spirometric tests, the system presented the measurement results of (305 ± 22, 450 ± 23, 603 ± 24,
751 ± 26, 922 ± 27, 1021 ± 30, 1182 ± 33, 1326 ± 36, 1476 ± 37, 1618 ± 45 and 1786 ± 56) × 10−6 m3
for reference values of (300, 450, 600, 750, 900, 1050, 1200, 1350, 1500, 1650 and 1800) × 10−6 m3
,
respectively. Therefore, considering the spirometry and pressure boundary conditions of the manikin
lungs, the system achieves the objective of simulating valid spirometric data for debriefings, that is,
there is an agreement between the measurement results when compared to the signal generated by a
commercial spirometer (Koko brand). The main advantages that this work presents in relation to the
sensors commonly used for this purpose are: (i) the reduced cost, which makes it possible, for the first
time, to use a respiratory volume sensor in medical simulators or training dummies; (ii) the direct
measurement of air entering the lung using a noninvasive method, which makes it possible to use
spirometry parameters to characterize simulated human respiration during the CPR training; and
(iii) the measurement of spirometric parameters (FVC, FEVt, and FEF20–75%), in real-time, during the
CPR training, to achieve optimal ventilation performance. Therefore, the system developed in this
work addresses the minimum requirements for the practice of ventilation in the CPR maneuvers and
has great potential in several future applications.
Description
Keywords
Medical mannequins, Spirometric techniques
Citation
LEOCÁDIO, R. R. V.; RÊGO SEGUNDO, A. K.; LOUZADA, C. F. A sensor for spirometric feedback in ventilation maneuvers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Sensor, v. 19, n. 23, 2019. Disponível em: <https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/23/5095>. Acesso em: 10 mar. 2020.