Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in surface waters from Paraopeba river Basin in Brazil : seasonal changes and risk assessment.
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2021
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Abstract
This study describes the application of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate the occurrence of
12 CECs—contaminants of emerging concern (bisphenol A, diclofenac, 17β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol,
gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, naproxen, 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, and acetaminophen) in surface waters from Paraopeba River
Basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The analytical procedure was validated and applied to 60 surface water samples collected
across four sampling campaigns along the upper and middle watershed. Methods for CECs determination involved sample
filtration, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with subsequent derivatization of the target compounds prior to their analysis by
GC-MS. The LOQ varied from 3.6 to 14.4 ng/L and extraction recoveries ranged from 46.1 to 107.1% for the lowest spiked
concentration level (10 ng/L). The results showed a profile of spatial distribution of compounds, as well as the influence of
rainfall. Ibuprofen (1683.9 ng/L), bisphenol (1587.7 ng/L), and naproxen (938.4 ng/L) occurred in higher concentrations during
the rainy season, whereas during the dry season, the concentrations of bisphenol (1057.7 ng/L), estriol (991.0 ng/L), and estrone
(978.4 ng/L) were highlighted. The risk assessment of human exposure shows that for most contaminants, the concentration is
well below the estimated thresholds for chronic toxicity from water intake. However, estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol showed
concentrations in the same order of magnitude as the guide values estimated for babies.
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CORREA, J. M. M. et al. Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in surface waters from Paraopeba river Basin in Brazil: seasonal changes and risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 28, p. 30242–30254, 2021. Disponível em: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-12787-z>. Acesso em: 11 out. 2022.