Browsing by Author "Santos, Roberto Ventura"

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    Carbon isotopes of Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic sequences from Southern São Francisco craton and Araçuaí Belt, Brazil : paleographic implications.
    (2004) Santos, Roberto Ventura; Alvarenga, Carlos Josá Souza de; Babinski, Marly; Ramo, Maria Luiza S.; Cukrov, Neven; Fonseca, Marco Antônio; Sial, Alcides da Nóbrega; Dardenne, Marcel Auguste; Noce, Carlos Maurício
    This paper addresses the carbon isotope variations observed on Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic carbonates from the southeastern part of the Sa˜o Francisco craton and Arac¸uaı´ Belt, Brazil. Carbonates were collected across sections of the Mesoproterozoic Espinhac¸o Supergroup (Rio Pardo Grande Formation) and of the Neoproterozoic units of the Sa˜o Francisco basin, including: (i) dolomites and marls of the Macau´bas Group (Domingas Formation); (ii) dolomite pebbles and carbonatic matrix of the diamictites of the Jequitaı´ Formation; (iii) limestones of the overlying Bambuı´ Group. Limestones of the Espinhac¸o Supergroup present a flat trend of positive d13CPDB values (varying betweenC1 andC2‰), while samples of the Macau´bas Group present an upward trend of decreasing carbon isotopic values (fromC0.7 toK4.0‰). The lower d13CPDB values of this latter unit were obtained on the upper part of the section. Dolostone pebbles and carbonates in the matrix of the diamictite also present negative d13CPDB values (K3.1 and K0.6‰). Except for carbonatic pelites placed above the diamictites, that present d13CPDB of C7.7‰, limestone samples of all the sections of the Bambuı´ Group have d13CPDB values above C8‰. The data presented here reveal significant differences between carbonates from the Espinhac¸o and Macau´bas Groups, indicating that this latter unit may be correlated with the diamictites from the Jequitaı´ Formation, as already suggested by previous stratigraphic studies. The data also reveal the absence of the low positive d13CPDB carbonates (belowC3‰) frequently present at the base of the Bambuı´ Group, thus suggesting that the deposition of this unit in the Serra do Cabral and Jequitaı´ areas took place after the regional positive d13CPDB excursion observed in other parts of the basin. Hence, it is proposed that these areas were paleo-highs during the deposition of the lower portion of the Bambuı´ Group sediments.
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    Cyclic sediment deposition by orbital forcing in the Miocene wetland of western Amazonia? : new insights from a multidisciplinary approach.
    (2022) Hoorn, Carina; Kukla, Tyler; Bogotá Angel, Raul Giovanni; Soelen, Els van; González Arango, Catalina; Wesselingh, Frank P.; Vonhof, Hubert; Val, Pedro Fonseca de Almeida e; Morcote Rios, Gaspar; Roddaz, Martin; Dantas, Elton Luiz; Santos, Roberto Ventura; Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Morley, Robert J.
    In the Miocene, a large wetland system extended from the Andean foothills into western Amazonia. This system has no modern analogue and the driving mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Dynamic topography and Andean uplift are thought to have controlled deposition, with allocyclic base level changes driven by eustasy and orbital forcing also playing a role. In this study we investigate the presumed orbital cyclicity that controlled sediment deposition, while also assessing sediment source and biomes in the Miocene wetland. We do this by integrating lithological, palyno- logical, malacological and geochemical data from the Los Chorros site (Amazon River, Colombia), and by placing our data in a sequence stratigraphic framework. In this sequence biostratigraphic evaluation, the Los Chorros succession is visualized to be composed of a series of flood-fill packages, with a rapid initial flood, marine-influenced conditions at the time of maximum flood, followed by a longer regressive infill phase. Based on the palynology we could differ- entiate local vegetation, such as palm swamps, from regional origin such as terra firme vegetation (non-flooded Amazonian forest) and Andean montane forest, while from sediment geochemistry we could separate local and regional sediment sources. At the times of flooding, oligotrophic and eutrophic aquatic conditions alternatively characterized the wetland, as is shown by the presence of algae, floating ferns, and mollusc assemblages, while intervening subaquatic debris points to proximal submerged lowlands. In the lower 20 m of the section, marine in- fluences are intermittently evident and shown by short-lived maxima of mangrove pollen, foraminiferal test linings, dinoflagellate cysts, coastal mollusc species, and an episodic decline in terrestrial biomarkers. The upper 5 m of the section is characterized by floodplain forest taxa with a diversity in tropical rain forest taxa and relatively few lacustrine indicators. These marine, mangrove, and lacustrine indicators suggest that the outcrops at Los Chorros represent predominant marine-influenced lacustrine conditions during periods of sea level highstand. The sequence biostratigraphic evaluation further points to eight 41 kyr obliquity-driven depositional cycles, with rapid phases of transgression. Mangrove elements would have colonised within the timeframe of each sea level rise. Based on this relative age constraint and comparison to regional records, deposition likely took place prior to the 13.8 Myr global sea level fall, and most likely during the period just after 14.5 Ma, between Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO; 17–14 Ma) and Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT; 14.7–13.8 Ma). Palynological evidence further suggests that to the west, surface elevation ranged from ~1000 up to ~3500 m and hosted protoparamo vegetation, the oldest yet reported and in agreement with predictions from molecular studies. In contrast, contemporaneous sites to the northeast of the wetland consisted of fluvial and cratonic formations, as shown by their Nd and Sr isotopic sediment signature. In summary, our data lead to an improved understanding of how geological and astronomical mechanisms controlled the floral and faunal distribution and controlled sediment deposition in western Amazonia during the middle Miocene. As Miocene conditions strongly contrast with modern western Amazonia, our data provide an important context for the deep time history and evolution of the modern western Amazon rainforest.