Antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity, isolation of active alkaloids, and dereplication of Xylopia sericea leaves ethanol extract by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.

Abstract
Objectives: To assess the antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol extract of Xylopia sericea leaves, Annonaceae, often associated with antimalarial use and to perform a bioguided isolation of active compounds. Methods: Dereplication of ethanol extract by the UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS technique allowed the identification of the major constituents, isolation and identification of alkaloids. The antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity of the extract, fractions and isolated compounds was evaluated against the chloroquine-resistant W2 strain Plasmodium falciparum and HepG2 cells, respectively. Key findings: Ethanol extract showed high reduction of parasitemia as well as moderate cytotoxicity (86.5 3.0% growth inhibition at 50 lg/ml and CC50 72.1 5.1 lg/ml, respectively). A total of eight flavonoids were identified, and two aporphine alkaloids, anonaine and O-methylmoschatoline, were isolated. Anonaine disclosed significant antiplasmodial effect and moderate cytotoxicity (IC50 23.2 2.7 lg/ml, CC50 38.3 2.3 lg/ml, SI 1.6) while O-methylmoschatoline was not active against P. falciparum and showed a low cytotoxicity (33.5 1.9% growth inhibition at 50 lg/ml, CC50 274.4 0.5 lg/ml). Conclusions: Characterization of Xylopia sericea leaves ethanol extract by UPLCDAD-ESI-MS/MS as well as its antiplasmodial activity and the occurrence of anonaine and O-methylmoschatoline in this Xylopia species are reported by the first time.
Description
Keywords
Extract dereplication, Flavonoids
Citation
GONTIJO, D. da C. et al. Antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity, isolation of active alkaloids, and dereplication of Xylopia sericea leaves ethanol extract by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, v. 71, n. 2, p. 260-269, fev. 2019. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jphp.13029>. Acesso em: 25 fev. 2019.