Immune response in acute respiratory syndrome induced by the new coronavirus.
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which are enveloped
and have a single-stranded RNA genome. The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is
the seventh known coronavirus that can infect humans and cause serious illness,
such as acute respiratory syndrome. The coronaviruses already identified have
contributed to the understanding of the clinical manifestations caused by SARS-
CoV-2, as well as their associations with the immune system. The aim of the
present study was to carry out a narrative review of the literature on the host’s
immune response to infection by the new coronavirus. The review contains basic
and summarized information on the main mechanisms involved in the immune
response to SARS-CoV-2. The characteristics of the infection were considered
according to the following: from the initial contact with the host through binding
to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2); the recognition of the pathogen
by innate immunity cells; its containment mechanisms, including the production
of effector cytokines and chemokines important in the development of the
inflammatory process; and the participation of the complement system until the
activation of the adaptive immune response. The probable occurrence of a host
dysfunctional immune response and the escape mechanisms of the virus were
also addressed. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2
infection, knowledge about the host’s immune response in COVID-19 is not
fully understood. The present work established the relationship between the new
coronavirus and the immune system, but further studies are needed for all the
mechanisms of the process to be elucidated.
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Keywords
SARS virus, Immunity, Coronavirus infections
Citation
PAULA JÚNIOR, W. de. Immune response in acute respiratory syndrome induced by the new coronavirus. ABCS Health Sciences, v. 46, artigo e021306, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.portalnepas.org.br/abcshs/article/view/1704>. Acesso em: 11 out. 2022.